Chapter 25: World War 1

Question 1

Balfour Declaration

Answer 1

A 1917 British statement that declared British support of a National Home for the Jewish People in Palestine.

Question 2

Allied Powers

Answer 2

They were England, France, Russia, and eventually the U.S.A.

Question 3

Bolsheviks

Answer 3

Lenin’s radical,revolutionary arm of the Russian party of Marxist socialism, which successfully installed a dictorial socialist regime in Russia.

Question 4

Central Powers

Answer 4

Germany, Austria-Hungary, and the Ottoman Empire.

Question 5

February Revolution

Answer 5

Unplanned uprisings accompanied by violent street demonstrations begun in March 1917 in Petrograd, Russia, that led to the abdication of the tsar and the establishment of a provisional government.

Question 6

Fourteen Points

Answer 6

Wilson’s 1918 peace proposal calling for open diplomacy, a reduction in armaments, freedom of commerce and trade, the establishment of the League of Nations, and national self-determination.

Question 7

League of Nations

Answer 7

A permanent international organization, established during the 1919 Paris Peace Conference, designed to protect member states from aggression and avert future wars.

Question 7

Mandate System

Answer 7

The plan to allow Britain and France to administer former Ottoman territories, put into place after the end of the First World War.

Question 8

National Self Determination

Answer 8

The notion that peoples should be able to choose their own national governments through democratic majority-rule elections and live free from outside interference in nation-states with clearly defined borders.

Question 9

Petrograd Soviet

Answer 9

A huge, fluctuating mass meeting of two to three thousand workers, soldiers, and socialist intellectuals modeled on the revolutionary sockets of 1905.

Question 10

Schlieffen Plan

Answer 10

Failed German plan calling for a lightning attack through neutral Belgium and a quick defeat of France before turning on Russia.

Question 11

Shell Shock

Answer 11

This is basically post traumatic stress disorder that some of the soldiers got while fighting, caused by physiological pressure.

Question 12

Treaty of Brest Litovsk

Answer 12

Peace treaty signed in March 1918 between the Central Powers and Russia that ended Russian participation in World War 1 and ceded Russian territories containing a third of the Russian empire’s population to the Central Powers

Question 13

Treaty of Versailles

Answer 13

The 1919 peace settlement that ended war between Germany and the Allied powers.

Question 14

Triple Alliance

Answer 14

The alliance of Austria, Germany, and Italy. Italy left the alliance when war broke out in 1914 on the grounds that Austria had launched a war of aggression.

Question 15

Triple Entente

Answer 15

The alliance of Great Britain, France, and Russia prior to and during the First World War.

Question 16

Total War

Answer 16

A war in which distinctions between the soldiers on the battlefield and civilians at home are blurred, and where the government plans and controls economic and social life in order to supply the armies at the front with supplies and weapons.

Question 17

Trench Warfare

Answer 17

A type of fighting used in World War 1 behind rows of trenches, mines, and barbed wire; the cost in lives was staggering and the gains in territory minimal.

Question 18

War Communism

Answer 18

The application of centralized state control during the Russian civil war, in which the Bolsheviks seized grain from peasants, introduced rationing, nationalized all banks and industry, and required everyone to work.

Question 19

War Guilt Cause

Answer 19

An article in the Treaty of Versailles that declared that Germany (with Austria) was solely responsible for the war and had to pay reparations equal to all civilian damages caused by fighting.