Vitamins part 1: summary & fat soluble

Question 1

function of vitamin a

Answer 1

• photochemical vision

- conjunctival membrane/ cornea

Question 2

vitamin a deficiency

Answer 2

• night blindness
• xerophthalmia
• immune deficiency: supplementation decreases child mortality 23-34%
• infants/ child with measles: reduced mortality/ morbidity

Question 3

vitamin a toxicity

Answer 3

Bone:

• pain: periosteal prolif
• mineral loss

-vomiting, increased ICP, headache, liver damage, birth defects

Question 4

sources of vitamin a

Answer 4

preformed:
-liver, dairy, eggs, fish oil

Precursor: Carotenoids
-deep yellow, orange, green vegetables

Question 5

vitamin a test

Answer 5

serum retinol

Question 6

vitamin D function

Answer 6

• hormone that maintains intracellular and extracellular Ca levels
• intestinal absorption Ca and P
• Innate immunity
• Cell growth/ differentiation

Question 7

Vitamin D deficiency

Answer 7

• Rickets: inadequate maturation of cartilage and calcification
• rachitic rosary on ribs
• bowed legs
• widened metaphyses
• painful bones/ fractures

Question 8

vitamin D toxicity

Answer 8

> 10,000 X for weeks

• hypercalcemia
• vomiting, seizures
• nephrocalcinosis, soft tissue calcifinication

Question 9

Vitamin D source

Answer 9

Preformed:

• eggs, fish oil, fortified milk/ formula
• D2 from plants

Precursor:
-in skin: converted to vit D3 by UV light

Question 10

types of vitamin D

Answer 10

D3 activity&raquo_space; preformed D2

Question 11

absorption of vitamin D

Answer 11

Chylomicrons:  
vitamin D2 or D3
-->
Liver:
25-hydroxy-cholecalciferol
-->
Kidney:
calcitrol (active)

Question 12

vitamin D blood test

Answer 12

serum 25(OH)

Question 13

classic triad late vitamin D deficiency

Answer 13

decreased serum Ca and P

Increased alk phos

Question 14

vitamin E functions

Answer 14

• antioxidant
• free radical scavenger
• cell membrane stabalizer

Question 15

vitamin e source

Answer 15

polyunsaturated veg. oils

wheat germ

Question 16

vitamin e deficiency

Answer 16

neurologic degeneration
loss of DTRs
Hemolytic Anemia

Question 17

vitamin e toxicity

Answer 17

low toxicity

coagulopathy because very high doses inhibit vitamin k dependent factors

Question 18

vitamin e recommendations

Answer 18

supplement 400 IU D3 to all breastfed infants until 500ml/day infant formula or milk

Question 19

vitamin k function

Answer 19

• essential for coagulation proteins

- factors: II, VII, IX, X

Question 20

vitamin K source

Answer 20

leafy veg.
fruits
seeds
synthesized by gut bacteria

Question 21

vitamin k deficiency

Answer 21

• hemorrhagic disease of newborn
• increased coag time
• bleeding into skin, GI tract, CNS

Question 22

vitamin K recommendations

Answer 22

all newborns receive single iM dose 0.5-1 mg

Question 23

breastfed infants are at risk of what fat soluble vitamin deficiencies?

Answer 23

vitamin D

vitamin K

Question 24

people who use chronic antibiotics are at risk of what fat soluble vitamin deficiency?

Answer 24

vitamin K

Question 25

people with chronic granulomatous diseases are at risk of what?

Answer 25

vitamin D hypervitaminosis

Question 26

summary findings thiamin deficiency

Answer 26

neuro symptoms

Other: CHF (wet)

Question 27

summary findings riboflavin deficiency

Answer 27

mouth lesions

other: conjunctiva

Question 28

summary findings niacin

Answer 28

rash/skin findings
neuro symptoms
Other: diarrhea

Question 29

summary findings folate deficiency

Answer 29

mouth lesions

anemia

Question 30

summary findings b12

Answer 30

mouth lesions
neuro symptoms
anemia

Question 31

summary findings b6

Answer 31

mouth lesions
neuro symptoms
anemia

Question 32

summary findings vitamin c

Answer 32

rash/ skin findings
mouth lesions
neuro symptoms
anemia
other: joint pain

Question 33

summary findings vitamin a

Answer 33

rash/ skin findings

other: eye/ blindness

Question 34

summary findings vitamin d

Answer 34

other: rickets

Question 35

summary findings vitamin e

Answer 35

neuro symptoms

anemia

Question 36

summary findings vitamin K

Answer 36

rash/ skin findings

anemia

Question 37

4 fat soluble vitamins

Answer 37

A
D
E
K

Question 38

water soluble vitamins:

non B complex

Answer 38

ascorbic acid/ vitamin C

Question 39

water soluble vitamins:
B complex
Energy metabolism

Answer 39

thiamin b1
niacin b3
riboflavin b2

Question 40

water soluble vitamins
b complex
hematopoietic

Answer 40

folic acid

cobalamin b12

Question 41

water soluble vitamins
b complex
other

Answer 41

Pyridoxine b6