Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM

Browse over 1 million classes created by top students, professors, publishers, and experts.


See full index

Dems Unit 2 Part 2 YAAAY > Adult Obesity and Metabolic Syndrome > Flashcards

Adult Obesity and Metabolic Syndrome Flashcards

1
Q

how to calculate BMI

A

weight (kg) divided by height (square meters)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

the same formula for BMI is used in

A

men and women

different ethnicities

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

3 groups of people that BMI may be inaccurate for

A

Overestimates risk:
-very muscular= athletes

Underestimates risk:

  • sarcopenic obesity: lost large muscle mass but have clinically important obesity: elderly
  • abdominal obesity without BMI criteria
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

BMI and

morbidity and mortality

A
  • mortality increases with BMI >25
  • significant rise BMI >30
  • sharp rise at >35 and >40
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

BMI and age

A

lowest morbidity and mortality with BMI 25-29.9

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

BMI Ethnic Differences

A
  • recommended lower waist circumference cutoff for east asian and south asian vs white
  • weight related disease risk may be lower in AA compared to white
  • currently use same standards for all ethnic groups
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

Waist circumference is a useful measurement in what patients?

A
  • intermediate risk
  • Overweight & Stage 1 obesity
  • BMI 25-34.9
  • if BMI is suspected to not be an accurate surrogate measurement of body fat
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

abdominal fat is associated with

A

-deposition internal organs

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

abdominal fat is an independent risk factor for what 5 outcomes even when BMI is not elevated?

A 
CV disease
T2DM
HTN
Hypercholesterolemia
mortality
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

how to measure waist circumference

A
  • horizontal plane around abdomen at level of superior border of iliac crest
  • end of normal expiration

alternative: mark a point halfway between iliac crest and lower border of ribs

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

5 levels of BMI categories

A 
Normal: 18.5-24.9
Over: 25-29.9
Stage 1: 30-34.9
Stage 2: 35-39.9
Stage 3: >40
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

severe obesity equivalent

A

Stage II 35-39 + major weight related condition (T2DM)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

5 detailed examples of obesity related conditions

A
  1. T2DM/ Impaired Glucose Tolerance
  2. dislipidemia
  3. CAD
  4. Sleep Apnea
  5. Non-Alcoholic Fatty Liver Disease
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

T2DM and obesity

A
  • 70% of adults with T2DM have BMI of at least 27
  • RR of diabetes in women with BMI 23-23.9 is 3.6 times women with BMI less than 22
  • risk of diabetes increase linearly with BMI
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

Dislipidemia and obesity

A
  • elevated triglycerides, low HDL, high LDL
  • Men: hypercholesterolemia increases progressively with BMI
  • Women: increases until BMI 25-27
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

CAD and obesity

A
  • increased risk with abdominal distribution
  • begins to increase at Men 23, women 22
  • remains independent risk factor even after correction for associated risk factors
17
Q

sleep apnea info and consequences

A

-partial or complete airway obstruction during sleep: episodes of apnea

repeated episodes of hypoxemia –>
daytime somnolence, morning headache, HTN –>
pulmonary HTN, RHF

18
Q

sleep apnea study

A
  • 40% obese men and 3% obese women had sleep apnea that warranted intervention vs 0 controls
  • 8% obese men and 5.5% obese women had sleep apnea that warranted sleep evaluation
19
Q

Non-Alcoholic Fatty Liver Disease (NAFLD) and obesity

A

20% of obese patient may have

  • hepatomegaly
  • abnormal liver enzymes
  • abnormal liver histology: macrovesicular steatosis, stetohepatitis, fibrosis, cirrhosis
20
Q

moderate weight loss benefits

A

5-10% body weight

  • glycemia
  • blood pressure
  • lipids
  • fatty liver disease
  • osteoarthritis symptoms
  • severity of obstructive sleep apnea
21
Q

larger weight loss benefit

A

reduced mortality from CV disease and cancer

22
Q

Derm comorbidities and complications of obesity

A

acanthosis nigricans
cellulitis
striae
lymphedema

23
Q

genitourinary comorbidities and complications of obesity

A 
polycystic ovarian syndrome
erectile dysfunction
benign prostate hypertrophy
menstrual abnormalities
infertility
pregnancy complications
stress incontinence
24
Q

metabolic comorbidities and complications of obesity

A 
T2DM
gout
insulin resistance
metabolic syndrome
hyperuricemia
vitamin d deficiency
nephrolithiasis
25
Q

cancer comorbidities and complications of obesity

A 
postmenopausal breast
colon
prostate
endometrial
kidney
gallbladder
26
Q

metabolic syndrome

A

-specific body phenotype of abdominal obesity associated with group of metabolic disorders that are risk factors for cv disease

27
Q

5 characteristics of metabolic syndrome

A
  1. abdominal obesity
  2. elevated blood pressure
  3. high triglycerides
  4. low HDL
  5. Impaired glucose tolerance/ T2DM

*metabolic syndrome with at least 3 criteria

28
Q

metabolic syndrome criteria:
Abdominal obesity:
Men vs Women

A

waist circumference

men: >102 cm (> 40 inches)
women: >88cm (>35 in)

29
Q

metabolic syndrome criteria:

triglycerides

A

> 150mg/dL or

drug treatment for abnormal lipids

30
Q

metabolic syndrome criteria:
HDL:
Men vs Women

A

men:

31
Q

metabolic syndrome criteria:

blood pressure:

A

> 130 systolic
85 diastolic
or anti HTN drug

32
Q

metabolic syndrome criteria:

fasting glucose

A

> 110

or hypoglycemic drug

33
Q

obesity focused history

A
  • chronological body weight change
  • previous weight loss attempts
  • related medical complications
  • medications causing gain
  • smoking and social history
  • family history
  • dietary and physical patterns
  • Goals
  • Readiness and Motivation
  • Screening for Depression
34
Q

obesity focused physical exam

A
  • height, weight, BMI
  • waist circumference
  • BP
  • Pulse & O2 sat
  • signs of pulm htn/ venous insufficiency (edema, hyper pigmentation)
  • thyroid disease (goiter)
  • signs of insulin resistance/ DM (acanthuses nigricans)
35
Q

Labs in obesity focused exam

A
  1. thyroid stimulating hormone
  2. Diabetes screen: fasting blood glucose or Ha1c
  3. lipid planel
  4. liver associated enzymes
    - other: sleep study
36
Q

percentage of america adults >20 overweight and obese

A

obese: 35%
overweight: 33.5%

Dems Unit 2 Part 2 YAAAY (23 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2024 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions