Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM

Browse over 1 million classes created by top students, professors, publishers, and experts.


See full index

Year 2 Respiratory > Pulmonary pathophysiology > Flashcards

Pulmonary pathophysiology Flashcards

1
Q

what is the first set of bronchioles that does not have cartilage?

A

terminal bronchioles

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

after how many branchings do the alveoli appear?

A

16th or 17th generation of branching

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

how does contraction of SMCs relate to air flow resistance?

A

increase

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

what bronchioles have the largest resistance?

A

medium sized bronchioles

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

what clinical scenarios result from decreased bronchiolar size? what happens to resistance?

A

asthma
bronchitis

increase

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

what clinical scenarios result from PNS activation (increased M3 activation)? what happens to resistance?

A

asthma
muscarinic agonists

increase

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

what clinical scenarios result from SNS activation? what happens to resistance?

A

EPI
albuterol

decrease

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

what is the site of gas exchange?

A

respiratory membrane

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

what is the composition of the respiratory membrane?

A
  1. layer of fluid lining the alveolus containing surfactant
  2. alveolar epithelium
  3. epithelial basement membrane
  4. interstitial space
  5. capillary basement membrane
  6. capillary endothelial membrane
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

what is the most prominent cell of the lung interstitium?

A

fibroblasts

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

what are the factors that affect gas diffusion across the respiratory membrane?

A

D - diffusion of gas across respiratory membrane
P - partial pressure difference between alveoli and blood
A - surface area
d - thickness

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

what factor of the gas diffusion equation can be modified clinically?

A

change in pressure

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

where does the pleural fluid come from?

A

systemic capillary

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

what is the most common cause of pleural effusion?

A

CHF - increased pulmonary venous hydrostatic pressure from visceral side

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

decreased microvascular oncotic pressure can cause what condition?

A

widespread edema - lungs are not spared - pulmonary edema

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

restrictive pulmonary disorders are the result of what process?

A

decreased expansion of the lungs due to alterations in the lung parenchyma, pleura, chest wall, or neuromuscular function

17
Q

definition: lung compliance

A

extent to which lungs will expand for each unit increase in transpulmonary pressure

18
Q

lung compliance is a reflection of what lung parameter?

A

distensibility

19
Q

how is lung compliance related to elasticity?

A

inversely related

20
Q

what are the general categories of restrictive lung disorders?

A

lung parenchyma disorders
pleural space disorders
neuromuscular, chest wall, obesity disorders
infection or inflammation of the lung

21
Q

what is the compliance level of the pulmonary vessels?

A

highly compliant

22
Q

why is the partial pressure lower when entering the left atrium?

A

bronchial circulation - physiological shunt

23
Q

hypoxic pulmonary vasoconstriction is a mechanism for what process?

A

automatic control of pulmonary blood flow distribution

24
Q

what is the average normal value of V/Q?

A

0.8

25
Q

can residual volume be measured by spirometry?

A

no

26
Q

how do obstructive lung diseases appear on flow-volume curves?

A

golf club

27
Q

how do upper airway diseases appear on flow-volume curves?

A

truncated, rhomboidal

28
Q

how do restrictive lung disease appear on flow-volume curves?

A

shift right, truncated

29
Q

what is the FEV1 / FVC ratio? what is its significance?

A

it is the fraction of vital capacity that can be expired in the first second

can differentiate among lung diseases

30
Q

what is a normal FEV1 / FVC ratio?

A

0.8

31
Q

what is the FEV1 / FVC ratio in obstructive lung diseases? why?

A

decreased (less than 0.7)

both FVC and FEV1 are decreased, but FEV1 is decreased more than FVC

32
Q

what is the FEV1 / FVC ratio in restrictive lung diseases? why?

A

increased

both FVC and FEV1 are decreased, but FEV1 is decreased less than FVC

Year 2 Respiratory (34 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2024 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions