COPD Flashcards
definition: COPD
airflow limitation that is progressive and not fully reversible, associated with an abnormal inflammatory response to noxious particles or gases
what are the mechanisms of small airway limitation in COPD?
inflammation
fibrosis, luminal plugs
increased airway resistance
what are the mechanisms of parenchymal destruction in COPD?
loss of alveolar attachments
decrease of elastic recoil
definition: chronic bronchitis
cough that occurs every day with sputum production that lasts for at least 3 months, two years in a row
what therapy confers benefit in a1AT deficiency?
augmentation therapy
what are the steps for assessment of COPD?
- assess symptoms
- assess degree of airflow limitation using spirometry
- assess risk of exacerbations
- assess comorbidities
what is used to risk stratify patients for COPD?
modified medical research council questionnaire
what is the single most important intervention to prevent disease and slow progression of COPD?
smoking cessation
what is the anticholinergic short acting bronchodilator?
ipatropium bromide
when are inhaled corticosteroids indicated?
GOLD stage III or IV with significant symptoms or recurent exacerbations
what is the only therapy that improves survival in hypoxemic COPD?
oxygen
when should patients with COPD be given abx?
three cardinal symptoms (increased dyspnea, increased sputum volume, increased sputum purulence)
mechanical ventilation
