renal path

Question 1

azotemia

Answer 1

> elevation of BUN and creatinine

> usually related to decreased GFR

Question 2

prerenal azotemia

Answer 2

> hypoperfusion of kidneys

> decreased renal function without parencymal damage

Question 3

post renal azotemia

Answer 3

> whenver urin flow is obstructed beyond the level of the kidney

Question 4

cause of most glomerular diseases

Answer 4

> autoimmune dysfunction

Question 5

cause of tubular and interstitial renal diseases

Answer 5

> toxic or infectious agents

Question 6

3 categories of dysfunction that cause uremia

Answer 6

> renal excretion failure
metabolic dysfunction
endocrine dysfunction

Question 7

nephritic syndrome
>where is disease
>what are symptoms

Answer 7

glomerular problem
> hematuria
> proteinuria
> HTN

Question 8

rapidly progressive glomerulonephritis =

Answer 8

> nephritic syndrome with rapid decline in GFR

Question 9

nephrotic syndrome
>where is disease
>what are symptoms

Answer 9

glomerular problem
> heavy proteinuria
> hypoalbuminemia
> edema
> hyperlipidemia
> lipiduria

Question 10

signs of acute renal failure

Answer 10

> oligouria or anuria
recent onset of azotemia
( from injury to any part of the kidney )

Question 11

signs of chronic renal failure

Answer 11

> signs and prolonged symptoms of uremia

Question 12

possible symptoms of renal tubular defects

Answer 12

> polyuria
nocuria
electrolyte imbalances

Question 13

pyelonephritis =

Answer 13

infection of the kidney (UTI)

Question 14

cystitis =

Answer 14

infection of the bladder (UTI)

Question 15

pyuria =

Answer 15

leukocytes in the urine

Question 16

renal colic=

Answer 16

> severe spasms of pain

> often associated with nephrolithiasis

Question 17

4 stages of chronic renal failure

Answer 17

> diminished renal reserve
renal insufficiency
chronic renal failure
end-stage renal disease

Question 18

Signs and symptoms of…

diminished renal reserve

Answer 18

GFR 50%
> asymptomatic
> normal BUN / creatinine

Question 19

Signs and symptoms of …

renal insufficiency

Answer 19

GFR 20-50%
> azotemia appears
> HTN appears
> maybe polyuria, nocturia from inability to concentrate
> chemical stress can induce uremia

Question 20

Signs and symptoms of …

chronic renal failure

Answer 20

GFR  edema
> uremia
> metabolic acidosis
> hyperkalemia
> neuro, cardiac, GI complications

Question 21

Signs and symptoms of …

end-stage renal disease

Answer 21

GFR bad

Question 22

difference between glomerulonephritis and glomerulopathy

Answer 22

• opathy lacks a cellular inflammatory component

Question 23

hyalinosis of the glomerulus
> what is it?
> locale?
> feature of?

Answer 23

accumulation of eosinophilic plasma proteins
> insudated into the glomerular structures
> endothelial/capillary wall damage

Question 24

sclerosis of the glomerulus
> what is it?
> locale?
> feature of?

Answer 24

accumulation of collagenous matrix
> confined to mesangial areas (DM) and/or in capillary loops
> malignant HTN??

Question 25

diffuse glomerulopathy=

Answer 25

> involves all glomeruli

Question 26

global glomerulopathy=

Answer 26

> involves the entire glomerulus

Question 27

focal glomerulopathy=

Answer 27

> involves only a portion of the glomeruli

Question 28

segmental glomerulopathy=

Answer 28

> affects a part of each glomerulus