Patho - Chapters 26,27,28,29 - Renal Function/Dysfunction Flashcards
The kidneys filter more than ________ of fluid per hour
7 liters
What are the two primary functions of the kidney
Maintaining fluid and electrolyte homeostasis,
Ridding the body of water soluble wastes
Approximately ___% of the fluid filtered through the kidneys is reabsorbed
99%
The kidneys produce a small amount of urine containing a high concentration of ______
Wastes
The kidneys can alter the amount and composition of urine in order to…
Keep blood volume within normal limits,
Keep electrolyte composition within normal limits
The kidneys perform these two important endocrine functions
Produce erythropoietin,
Activation of vitamin D
______ is the regulator of red blood cell quantity
Erythropoietin
______ is the cofactor for intestinal calcium absorption
Vitamin D
Each kidney contains ______ nephrons
One million
______ are the functional unit of the kidney
Nephrons
What are the three functions of nephrons
Filtration,
Reabsorption,
Secretory functions
Serious renal impairment generally does not occur until _____% to ____% of the total number of nephrons has been damaged
75% to 90%
Words are the primary structures of the urinary system?
Kidneys,
Ureters,
Urinary bladder,
Urethra
The _____ kidney is slightly higher (superior) in the body
Left
What are the two principal parts of the urinary bladder?
Body,
Neck
What are the two functions of the body of the urinary bladder?
Stores urine,
Contracts in response to initiation of action potential
Urinary bladder is made up of _____ muscle, also known as ______ muscle
Smooth,
Detrussor
What are the structures within the nephron?
Glomerulus,
Tubule,
Bowman capsule
What are the parts of the glomerulus?
Capillary tuft,
Bowman capsule
What are the parts of the tubule?
Proximal convoluted tubule,
Loop of Henle,
Distal convoluted tubule,
Collecting tubule
The tubule of a nephron is made up of _____ tissue
Epithelial
Blood and proteins may be present in the urine when the ______ is injured
Glomerulus
_____ is an important sign of basement membrane dysfunction
Proteinuria
The visceral layer of the glomerulus is the _____
Podocyte
The glomerular filtration rate (GFR) averages approx _____ ml/min
125
______ cells can alter available surface area for filtration and affect the GFR by contracting and relaxing
Mesangial
GFR is determine by _____ _____ in the glomeruli and by the permeable surface of the glomerular membrane
Filtration pressure
Filtration rate is determined by _________?
Permeable surface area
These two functions favor filtration
Capillary hydrostatic pressure (CHP),
Bowman capsule oncotic pressure (Bowman COP)
We are in favor of cops!!! CHP and Bowman COP
These two functions oppose filtration
Plasma/Capillary oncotic pressure,
Bowman capsule hydrostatic pressure
What is the most important physiologic regulator of GFR?
Blood volume
When blood volume increases, GFR ______
Increases
Extra fluid is excreted
When blood volume decreases, GFR ______
Decreases
Fluid is conserved