Pathophysiology - Chapters 50, 51, 52 - Final Exam Flashcards
Hormones influencing bone growth are _____ _____, _____ _____, and _____ _____
Thyroid hormone,
Growth hormone,
Sex hormone
The two primary minerals found in bone are _____ and _____
Calcium,
Phosphate
Open fractures are classified based on their ______
Wounds
Defective bone mineralization due to a deficiency of vitamin D in childhood is called _____, where as its adult counterpart is called _____
Rickets,
Osteomalaca
Injury to the anterior or posterior cruciate ligaments results in altered function of the _____
Knee
A deficiency of vitamin _____ produces soft bones and is called osteomalacia in adults and rickets in children
D
Which of the following statements regarding compartment syndrome is true?
A. A symptom of compartment syndrome is poor muscle tone
B. It is due to increased pressure between fascial planes
C. It results in impaired fracture healing
D. It can be avoided if the fracture is properly aligned
B. It is due to increased pressure between fascial planes
Risk factors for the development of osteoporosis include... A. Male gender B. African-American race C. Decreased weight-bearing exercise D. Previous turmeric fractures
C. Decreased weight-bearing exercise
The primary reason osteomyelitis is so difficult to manage is that…
A. The origin of the infection is usually elsewhere in the body
B. Antibiotics that are effective against the causative organism do not exist
C. Cysts form around the infection
D. It is difficult to obtain sufficient antibiotic concentration in bone tissue
D. It is difficult to obtain sufficient antibiotic concentration in bone tissue
The primary symptom of multiple myeloma is bone pain. This is because…
A. Nerves in bone are more sensitive than those anywhere else in the body
B. Excessive plasma cell proliferation occurs in the bone marrow
C. Early metastasis to bone is very common
D. As the tumor grows, periosteum is destroyed
B. Excessive plasma cell proliferation occurs in the bone marrow
A major difference between an injury to a ligament and an injury to a tendon is that…
A. Ligamental injury typically produces decreased muscle strength
B. Decreased range of motion is common with tendon injury
C. Passive stretching of an injured ligament will cause pain
D. Pain is always greater with tendon injuries because more nerve tissue is involved
C. Passive stretching of an injured ligament will cause pain
Which of the following statements regarding myasthenia gravis is true?
A. It typically presents with weakness of the large muscle groups of the legs
B. It is a neuromuscular disease that has its onset in late middle age
C. It is due to excessive production of acetylcholinesterase, resulting in decreased amounts of acetylcholine
D. It is a progressive autoimmune disease affecting voluntary muscle function
D. It is a progressive autoimmune disease affecting voluntary muscle function
Fibromyalgia syndrome is primarily characterized by…
A. Objective data in the form of specific signs demonstrated by the patient
B. Emotional instability best managed by psychotherapy and mood altering drugs
C. Chronic muscle pain, stiffness, and fatigue
D. Increased muscle strength reflexes and muscle spasms
C. Chronic muscle pain, stiffness, and fatigue
What is the complication called when a fracture has not healed in six months? A. Delayed union B. Malunion C. Nonunion D. Disunion
C. Nonunion
Healing of fractures involves…
A. Conversion of a hematoma into new bone
B. Callus formation and consolidation
C. Early activation of osteoblasts
D. More rapid resolution in cortical bone
B. Callus formation and consolidation