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BMS 1001 > Bone & Cartilage > Flashcards

Bone & Cartilage Flashcards

1
Q

What is the primary cell for bone formation?

A

Osteoblasts

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2
Q

What does Osteoblasts create?

A

Osteoid - unmineralised bone matrix

Matrix Vesicles - which create enzymes to increase calcification

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3
Q

What type of collegen doses Osteoid contain?

A

Type 1

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4
Q

Give an example of a glycoprotein found within the Osteoid?

A

Osteocalcin

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5
Q

What is Osteomalacia?

A

Poor mineralisation or bones.

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6
Q

What are the 2 types of Ossification?

A

Intramembranous

Endochondral

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7
Q

What are Osteoblasts?

A

Responsible for the formation of bone by way of collagen fibers, proteoglycans and glycoproteins. Active cells

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8
Q

What are Osteocytes?

A

These are the maintaining bone cells. These are trapped within the matrix and look after the regulation of calcium.

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9
Q

What are Osteoclasts?

A

These are the cells that destroy, additional over production of bone. Sit on the bone surface.

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10
Q

What bones does Intramembranous Ossification make?

A

Flat bones

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11
Q

Where does the Intramembranous Ossification take place?

A

In the Mesenchymal cell membrane which surrounds the bone.

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12
Q

What is the 1st stage of Intramembranous Ossification?

A

When the Meschymal cells differentiate and become Osteoblasts.
These then duplicate and form Ossification center.
This center then produces Osteoid.

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13
Q

What is the 2nd stage of Intramembranous Ossification?

A

The Osteoid becomes mineralised creating an ‘island of bone’ and the odd osteoblast becomes trapped creating an osteocyte.

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14
Q

What is the 3rd stage of Intramembranous Ossification?

A

These islands of bone then join up creating an trabeculae, where blood vessels weave into.
Also the meschymal cells now become denser forming a sheath called a Periostium.

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15
Q

What is a periostium?

A

A connective tissue sheath covering bones formed from Mesenchymal cells that have changed to become fibroblasts..

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16
Q

What is a Trabeculae?

A

Where ‘Islands of bone’ join.

17
Q

What is the 4th stage of Intramembranous Ossification?

A

This is where the otter bone becomes compact bone while the inner bone remains spongy.
Red marrow develops internally.

18
Q

How many stages is there to Endochandral ossification?

A

5 stages

19
Q

How does endochondral ossification differ from Intramendous ossification?

A

Endo Oss - starts with a cartilage template and fills in with bone.
Intra Oss - spreads out from Osteoblast masses known as ossification centers.

20
Q

How is the Cartilage template made?

A

By Mesenchymal tissue, which change to Chodrocytes.

21
Q

What are the two areas of the long bone called?

A

Diaphysis - the shaft

Epiphyses - the club shaped ends.

22
Q

What is the 1st stage of Endochondral Ossification?

A 
The central cartilage cells of the Diaphysis die, leving gaps.
The Pericondrium (covering) cells around the diaphysis (shaft) create Osteoblasts and start Intramembrous ossification!!
23
Q

What is the 2nd stage of Endochondral Ossification?

A

The central bone cavity continues to get bigger.
The bone collar gets thicker.
BUT, the present cartilage contines to grow at a greater rate than the osteblasts can lay osteoid cause growth/length.

24
Q

What is the 3rd Stage of Endochondral Ossification?

A

Capillaries come through the bone collar into the center releasing young osteoblasts, which form a primary ossification center.
Bone is now laid down where the cartilage once was.

25
Q

What is stage 4 of the Endochondral ossification?

A

Capillaries penetrate the Epiphyses and take Osteoblasts there which create a secondary ossification center.

26
Q

What happens in stage 5 of the Endochondral Ossification?

A

All cartilage is replaced by bone except the Epiphyseal plate and the articular cartilage at the tips.

27
Q

What is the function of the Epiphyseal plate?

A

To help with the growth of the bone into adulthood.

28
Q

What is the function of the articular cartilage?

A

It is to protect the apex/ articulating areas of the bone

29
Q

What are the 4 main stages to fracture repair?

A 
Haematoma/inflammation (big bruise)
Soft Callus (4-20 days)
Hard Callus (14 -84 days)
Bone remodeling (weeks - years)
30
Q

What is lamellar bone?

A

Osteoid layers only found in fracture repair

31
Q

When dose revascularisation occur after a fracture?

A

Soft Callus stage

BMS 1001 (18 decks)

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