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Anatomy & Physiology MB > Module 15: The Lymphatic and Immune Systems > Flashcards

Module 15: The Lymphatic and Immune Systems Flashcards

1
Q

3 functions of lymphatic system

A

drainage
absorption
protection

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2
Q

Lymph

A

interstitial fluid that has entered the lymphatic vessels
3L of lymph formed a day
eventually mixes with venous blood in right atrium

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3
Q

lymphatic vessels

A

capillaries, vessels, trunks, ducts

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4
Q

lymphatic organs and tissues

A 
lymph nodes
spleen
thymus
tonsils
peyers patches
appendix
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5
Q

Transportation of lymph

A

only flows towards the heart (away from tissue)
Contraction of skeletal muscles
Movement of lungs/thoracic cage during breathing
Contraction of smooth muscles in walls of lymphatic vessels
valves in vessels
Contractions of nearby arteries

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6
Q

Lymph capillaries

A

woven between tissue cells and blood capillaries
everywhere except bone marrow, teeth, bones, CNS and tissues lacking blood vessels
Drain excess interstitial fluid

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7
Q

Lymphatic vessels

A

more valves than veins

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8
Q

Lymphatic trunks

A

collect lymph from large regions of body into 2 specific lymphatic ducts

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9
Q

Lymphatic ducts

A

Right - lymph from right upper body; drains into superior vena cava

Thoracic - lymph from the rest of the body; drains into superior vena cava

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10
Q

Cisterna chyli

A

forms the beginning of the thoracic duct

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11
Q

Lymph nodes

A

600 nodes in the body

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12
Q

3 main clusters of nodes

A

axillary (armpit)
inguinal (groin)
cervical (neck)

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13
Q

Structure of nodes

A

bean shaped, 1inch
Capsule around node
Cortex (outer) contains T and B cells
Meduall (inner) contains B and plasma cells
Trabeculae divide nodes into compartments
Sinuses are channels where lymph flows
Germinal enters of the follicles contains areas of diving lymphocytes

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14
Q

Afferent vessels

A

transport lymph INTO the node

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15
Q

Efferent vessels

A

transport lymph OUT of the node

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16
Q

Functions of nodes

A

filter and clean lymph

17
Q

Spleen

A 
storage tank for blood
Upper left abdominal region
White pulp (mostly lymphocytes)
Red pulp (old RBC destroyed)

Forms blood during fetal development
Filters and stores blood
Destroy old RBC
Stores Lymphocytes

18
Q

Thymus

A

Larger in children
Located within mediastinum (behind sternum)
Pink/gray color in children, yellow with age (fat)
2 lobes
Provides source of lymphocytes before birth
Secrets thymosin that stimulate T cells to attach pathogens

19
Q

Tonsils and adenoids

A

palatine - each side of throat
pharyngeal (adenoids) - near opening of nasal cavity
lingual - base of tongue

clusters of lymphatic tissue with crypts that trap foreign substances
Prevent bacteria from entering opening around nasal/oral cavities

20
Q

Mucosa-associated lymphatic tissue (MALT)

A

collectively peyers patches in small intestine, appendix, other lymphoid tissue in respiratory tract

21
Q

First line of defence: nonspecific resistance general defence

A 
skin
mucous membrane
tears
saliva
urine
vaginal secretions
defecation
vomiting
22
Q

second line of defence: additional

A

antimicrobial substances (protective chemicals) interferon, complement

Natural killer cells
phagocytosis
inflammation
fever

23
Q

third line of defence: specific resistance

A

immunity

T cells (cell mediated)
B cells (antibody mediated)
24
Q

antigens

A

foreign bodies capable of generating a specific response by immune system
Found the surface of pathogens

25
Q

B cells

A

develop in bone marrow

mature in bone marrow

26
Q

t cells

A

develop in bone marrow

mature in thymus

27
Q

Humoral (antibody-mediated) immunity

A

involves production of antibodies
Invading antigen recognized by macrophage and t cell
Helper t cell presents antigen to b cells
B cells divide into plasma cells (produce antibodies) and memory b cells (recognize antigen if it invades again)

28
Q

Cell-mediated immunity

A

Antigen presenting cells (APC) aka macrophages present antigen to t cell for destruction
T cell divides into cytotoxic, helper, regulatory, memory

29
Q

Buboes

A

infected lymph nodes

30
Q

Autoimmune diseases

A

body treats its own tissue as being foreign
Lymphocytes attack

Systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE)
rheumatoid arthritis (RA)
Multiple sclerosis (MS)
31
Q

AIDS

A

acquired immunodeficiency syndrome
caused by HIV
virus destroys helper T cells
Immune system slowly collapse

32
Q

Aging and the lymphatic system

A

incidence of infection and cancer is higher because t and b cells are deficient
decreased macrophage activity
Elderly take lots of drugs which may interfere with immune system

Anatomy & Physiology MB (19 decks)

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