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Anatomy And Physiology > Chemical Basis Of Life > Flashcards

Chemical Basis Of Life Flashcards

1
Q

Matter

A

Anything that has mass and takes up space

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2
Q

Matter is composed of

A

Elements

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3
Q

Living organisms require _______ elements to survive and function.

A

20

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4
Q

Our bodies are made 95% of

A

Nitrogen, carbon, oxygen, hydrogen

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5
Q

Elements occur in

A

Mixtures or chemical compositions

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6
Q

Overall a complete atom has _____ charge.

A

No net charge

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7
Q

Isotopes

A

Atoms gain or lose neutrons.

Change the mass of atom

Atomic # stays the same

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8
Q

Types of isotopes

A

Alpha

Beta

Gamma

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9
Q

Isotopes when introduced to body are specific for structure being studied.

Their presence and ……

A

Half life help doctors see the function

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10
Q

Ion

A

Positively r negatively charged atom

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11
Q

Ionic bond

A

Valence e- are given or received

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12
Q

Covalent

A

Electrons are shared

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13
Q

Hydrogen bond

A

Weak bonds between H and other elements

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14
Q

Two or more elements form

A

Molecules

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15
Q

Same element= _________

O2,N2

A

Diatomic

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16
Q

Different elements

A

Compounds

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17
Q

Catalyst

A

A molecule that can change rate of rxn without being consumed

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18
Q

When substance decomposes and releases ions in water..

A

Electrolyte

19
Q

H+ ions released

A

Acid

20
Q

OH- or ions that combine with H+ ions

A

Bases

21
Q

Inorganic

A

Dissolve in water or react with water to release ions (electrolytes)

22
Q

Inorganic chemicals

A
  • water
  • oxygen
  • carbon dioxide
  • salts
23
Q

Organic

A

Usually dissolve in organic liquids like alcohol.

Nonelectrolytes. (Do not release ions)

24
Q

Organic chemicals

A
  • carbs
  • lipids
  • proteins
  • nucleic acids
25
Q

Carbs

A
  • provide energy for cells

- contain carbon, hydrogen and oxygen atoms.

26
Q

Monosaccharides

A

6 carbons

Short chains of carbon

27
Q

Disaccharide

A

2 simple sugars put together

Sucrose, lactose

28
Q

Polysaccharide

A

Many simple sugars joined

Plant starch, cellulose, glycogen

29
Q

Lipids

A

Insoluble in water

Fats

Stores energy

30
Q

Triglyceride—>building blocks of lipids

A

Glycerol and three fatty acids

31
Q

Saturated

A

Single bonds between carbon atoms

32
Q

Unsaturated

A

Double bonds between carbon atoms

33
Q

Phospholipids

A
  • 2 fatty acids, phosphate group, and glycerol
  • hydrophilic head, hydrophobic tail
  • important for cell structure
34
Q

Steroids

A

4 carbon rings

Cholesterol and hormones

35
Q

Proteins

A

Structural materials, energy source, hormones, cell receptors, antibodies, enzyme

36
Q

What are proteins made out of?

A

Amino group, carboxyl groups

37
Q

Amino acids join in changes called…

A

Polypeptides

38
Q

Polypeptides have 4 structures. They are?

A

Primary- amino acid sequence.

Secondary- repeated patterns of protein backbone

  • Alpha helix-coils clockwise direction
  • Beta sheet-nearly fully extended

Tertiary- overall folding of polypeptide chain

Quaternary- overall structure of the protein

39
Q

Nucleic acids

A

Take part in protein synthesis

40
Q

What are the building blocks of nucleic acids

A

Nucleotides

41
Q

DNA de oxyribose

A

Contains only one OH on its 2nd prime.

Double stranded

ATGC

42
Q

RNA

A

Ribonucleic

One stranded

Has an extra OH on its base 2’

43
Q

Chemistry

A

Composition of matter and its changes

44
Q

What are the eleven major elements in the human body?

A
  • oxygen
  • hydrogen
  • nitrogen
  • carbon
  • calcium
  • phosphorus
  • potassium
  • sulfur
  • chlorine
  • sodium
  • magnesium

Anatomy And Physiology (21 decks)

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