B2 Biology - Enzymes Flashcards
what is a catalyst?
a substance which increases the speed of reaction without being changed or used up in the reaction.
what are all proteins made up of? what can they act as?
chains of amino acids
act as structural components of tissues, hormones and antibodies
what happens if the temp. is too high for enzymes in a reaction?
some of the bonds holding the enzyme together may break destroying the enzymes special shape - denatured
what temp do enzymes work best at?
37^c
what pH is best for enzymes?
neutral pH 7
what does amylase do?
converts starch to sugars
where is amylase made? (3 places)
salivary glands
pancreas
small intestine
what does protease do? where is it made? (3 places)
converts proteins to amino acids
stomach
pancreas
small intestine
what does lipase do? where is it made? (2 places)
converts lipids into fatty acids and glycerol
pancreas
small intestine
how does bile neutralise acids in the stomach
bile is an alkalis, it neutralises the acid and makes conditions alkaine
what does the pancreas do?
produces protease, lipase and amylase, into the small intestine
what does the gall bladder do?
bile is stored beofre released into small intestine
what are some enzymes used for?
biological detergents and washing powders
why are enzymes used in baby food?
they help pre-digest some of the food, easier for baby to digest
enzymes in industry can be a disadvantage why? ( 3 reasons)
some ppl have allergies to enzymes
they can be expensive to produce
they can easily become denatured
