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Body Systems > 17 anatomy of the respiratory system > Flashcards

17 anatomy of the respiratory system Flashcards

1
Q

What is the mediastinum?

A

The space between the lungs

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2
Q

What shape are the lungs?

A

Conical

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3
Q

Where is the apex of the lungs?

A

On the outside

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4
Q

What are the three surfaces of the apex?

A

Costal
Mediastinal
Diaphragmatic

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5
Q

Right lung:

A
  • Shorter and wider
  • 3 lobes
  • 2 fissures
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6
Q

What are the lobes in the right lung called?

A
  • Superior
  • Middle
  • Inferior
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7
Q

What is the fissure in the right lung?

A

Oblique

horizontal

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8
Q

Left lung:

A
  • Taller and thinner
  • 2 lobes
  • 1 fissure
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9
Q

What are the lobes in the left lung called?

A
  • inferior

- superior

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10
Q

What is the fissure in the left lung?

A

-oblique

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11
Q

What and where is the hilum?

A

located on the mediastinal surface of the lungs - where blood vessels, bronchi, lymphatics and nerves ENTER the lungs

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12
Q

What are the physical properties of the lungs?

A
  • compliance

- elasticity

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13
Q

What effects lung compliance?

A
  • connective tissue structure of lungs
  • level of surfactant
  • mobility of thoracic cage
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14
Q

What are the membranes around the lung called?

A

Parietal and visceral pleura (with pleural cavity imbetween)

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15
Q

What are the functions of the pleura?

A
  • reduce friction in breathing
  • creates a pressure gradient which assists in ventilation
  • compartmentalises each lung to limit spread of infection
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16
Q

What does the bony thorax consist of?

A

-Ribs (attached to sternum by cartilage)
-7 true ribs (attach to sternum)
-5 floating
12 thoracic vertabrae

17
Q

What are the parts of the sternum?

A
  • Manubrium
  • Body
  • Xiphisternum
18
Q

What part of the rib attaches to the thoracic vertebrae?

A

-head and tuberculae
(shaft is the other bit
)

19
Q

What are the layers of intercostal muscles?

A
  • external
  • internal
  • innermost
20
Q

Which way do the internal and intercostal muscles run?

A

EXTERNAL (point in and down)

Internal (point out and down)

21
Q

V
A
N

A

supple the muscles and skin adjacent to pleura

22
Q

What pierces the diaphragm>

A

Vena cava
Aorta
Oesophagus

23
Q

What muscle type is the diaphragm?

A

Skeletal

24
Q

Which nerve innovates the diaphragm?

A

Phrenic

25
Q

What is the diaphragm attached to?

A
  • Xiphisternum
  • 11th and 12th ribs
  • lumber vertebrae
  • costal margin
26
Q

What are the other muscles that work on the thoracic cage?

A 
pectoralis major 
pectoralis minor 
serratus anterior
scalenes 
sternacleidomastoid

Body Systems (21 decks)

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