Liver, Liver Supply and Liver Sinusoids

Question 1

What brings blood to the liver?

Answer 1

Hepatic artery

Portal vein

Question 2

Where does blood travel in the liver lobule?

Answer 2

From the hepatic artery and portal veins to the hepatic/central vein

Question 3

What drains the blood from the liver?

Answer 3

Hepatic/central vein

Question 4

What occurs in the classic hepatic lobule?

Answer 4

Drains blood from the portal vein and hepatic artery to the central vein

Question 5

What occurs in the portal lobule?

Answer 5

Drains bile from hepatocytes to the bile duct

Question 6

What occurs in the portal acinus?

Answer 6

Supplies oxygenated blood to hepatocytes

Question 7

In the portal acinus what are the three zones?

Answer 7

Zone I: most oxygenated
Zone II: mix of zone I and II
Zone III: most oxygenated

Question 8

What are spaces of Disse?

Answer 8

Liver sinusoids that contain plasma and hepatic stellate cells

Question 9

How does bile move in the biliary tree?

Answer 9

Canaliculi
Hepatic bile ductules
Interlobular bile ducts 
Right/Left hepatic bile ducts
Common hepatic duct 
Cystic duct
Gallbladder

Question 10

Where in the liver are Kupffer cells found?

Answer 10

Lining the sinusoids

Question 11

What is an unique about hepatic stellate cells?

Answer 11

They are contractile to regulate sinusoidal caliber

Question 12

What cell plays an important role in generating fibrosis?

Answer 12

Hepatic stellate cells

Question 13

What is the role of hepatic stellate cells?

Answer 13

Absorption of lipids and lipid soluble vitamins

Question 14

What is the rate limiting step in converting cholesterol to primary bile acids?

Answer 14

7 alpha-hydroxylase

Question 15

Where are secondary bile acids produced?

Answer 15

In the colon

Question 16

What produces secondary bile acids?

Answer 16

Bacterial enzymes in the colon

Question 17

Where are secondary enzymes reabsorbed?

Answer 17

Ileum

Question 18

Bilirubin is broken down by bacteria in the gut to what?

Answer 18

Uribinogen

Question 19

What are three pathways bile can enter the liver?

Answer 19

Sodium dependent taurocholate cotransporting peptide
Non ionic diffusion
Organic anion transport proteins

Question 20

What reabsorbs bile from the terminal ileum?

Answer 20

Apical sodium-coupled bile aid transporter (ASBT)

Question 21

What are two ways bile salts are exported from the liver?

Answer 21

Multidrug resistance-associated protein 2 (MRP2)

Bile salt export pump (BSEP)

Question 22

What is MRP2 also known as?

Answer 22

cMOAT

ABCC2

Question 23

What enzyme is found inside liver cells and in the blood once they are damaged?

Answer 23

ALT (alanine aminotransferase)

Found entirely within cytoplasm and more specific for liver

Question 24

What enzyme is found in skeletal muscle and liver cells?

Answer 24

AST (aspartate aminotransferase)

Question 25

What enzyme when elevated is cause for worry of bile duct disease?

Answer 25

GGT (gamma glutamyl transferase)