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Biol 430 > Skeletal Tissue > Flashcards

Skeletal Tissue Flashcards

1
Q

Fossa

A

A depression, often an articular surface

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2
Q

Endochondral Ossification

A

Embryonic formation of bone by the replacement of calcified cartilage; most skeletal bones are formed by this process

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3
Q

Hemorrhage

A

Loss of blood from the vessels by flow through rupture walls; bleeding

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4
Q

Osteon

A

System of interconnecting canals in the microscopic structure of adult compact bone; unit of bone; also called Haversian system

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5
Q

Parathyroid Gland

A

Small endocrine glands located on the posterior aspect of the thyroid gland

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6
Q

Epiphyseal plate

A

Plate of hyaline cartilage at he junction of the diaphysis and epiphysis that provides for growth in length of a long bone

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7
Q

Spongy Bone

A

Internal layer of skeletal bone. Also called cancellous bone

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8
Q

Appostitional growth

A

Growth accomplished by the addition of new layers onto those previously formed

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9
Q

Hyaline Cartilage

A

The most abundant cartilage type in the body; provides firm support with some pliability

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10
Q

Cartilage

A

One of four types of connective tissue- avascular and not innervated

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11
Q

Articulation (joint)

A

The junction of two or more bones

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12
Q

Osteomalacia

A

Disorder in which bones are inadequately mineralized; soft bones

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13
Q

Dipole

A

The internal layer of spongy bone in flat bones

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14
Q

Parathyroid hormone (PTH)

A

Hormone released by the parathyroid glands that regulate blood calcium levels

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15
Q

Central (Haversian) canal

A

The canal in the center of each osteon that contains minute blood vessels and nerve fibers that serve the needs of the osteocytes

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16
Q

Interstitial Lamellae

A

Incomplete lamellae that lie between intact osteons, filling the gaps between forming osteons, or representing the remnants of an osteon that has been cut through by bone remondling

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17
Q

Osteoblasts

A

Bone-forming cells

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18
Q

Bone remodeling

A

Process involving bone formation and destruction in response to hormonal and mechanical factors

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19
Q

T cells

A

Lymphocytes that mediate cellular immunity; include helper, cytotoxic, regulatory, and memory cells. Also called T Lymphocytes

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20
Q

Cartilage bone (endochondral bone)

A

Bone forming by using hyaline cartilage structures as models for ossification

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21
Q

Osteogenesis

A

The process of bone formation; Also called ossification

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22
Q

Osteoclast

A

Large cells that resorb or break down bone matrix

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23
Q

Foramen

A

Hole or opening in a bone or between body cavities

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24
Q

Lacuna

A

A small space, cavity, or depression; lacunae in bone or cartilage are occupied by cells

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25
Q

Fiber

A

A slender threadlike structure or filament.

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26
Q

Osteoporosis

A

Decreased density and strength of bone resulting from a gradual decrease in rate of bone formation

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27
Q

Fracture

A

A break in a bone

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28
Q

Periosteum

A

Double-layered connective tissue that covers and nourishes the bone

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29
Q

Lamella

A

A layer, such as of bone matrix is an osteon of compact bone

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30
Q

Hematoma

A

Mass of clotted blood that forms at an injured site

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31
Q

Diaphysis

A

Elongated shaft of a long bone

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32
Q

Elastic Cartilage

A

Cartilage with abundant elastic fibers; more flexible than hyaline cartilage

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33
Q

Paget’s Disease

A

Disorder characterized by excessive bone breakdown and abnormal bone formation

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34
Q

Trabecula

A

Any of the fibrous bands extending from the capsule into the interior of an organ; strut or thin plate of bone in spongy bone

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35
Q

Appendiular

A

Relating to the limbs; one of the two major divisions of the body

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36
Q

Calcitonin

A

Hormone released by the thyroid. Lowers blood calcium levels only when present at high levels

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37
Q

Congenital

A

Existing at birth

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38
Q

Callus

A

Localized thickening of skin epidermis resulting from physical trauma; repair tissue formed at a fracture site

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39
Q

Pelvis

A

Basin-shaped bony structure composed of the pelvis girdle, sacrum, and coccyx; funnel-shaped tube within the kidney continuous with the uteter

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40
Q

Bone resorption

A

The removal of osseous tissue; part of the continuous bone remodeling process

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41
Q

Sesamoid bones

A

Short bone embedded in tendons, variable in size and number, many of which influence the action of muscles; largest is the patella

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42
Q

Perforating canals

A

Canals that run at right angles to the long axis of the bone, connecting the vascular and nerve supplies of the periosteum to those of the central canals and medullary cavity; also called Volkmann’s canals

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43
Q

Endosteum

A

Connective tissue membrane covering internal bone surfaces

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44
Q

Osteoid

A

Unmineralized bone matrix

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45
Q

Medullary cavity

A

Central cavity of a long bone. Contains yellow or red marrow

46
Q

Osteocyte

A

Mature Bone cell

47
Q

Central nervous system (CNS)

A

Brain and spinal cord

48
Q

Fibrocartilage

A

The most compressible type of cartilage; resistant to stretch. Forms vertebral discs and knee joint cartilages. (The meniscus’ of the body)

49
Q

Perichindrium

A

Fibrous, connective-tissue membrane covering the external surface of cartilaginous structures

50
Q

Epiphysis

A

The end of a long bone, attached to the shaft

51
Q

A depression, often an articular surface

A

Fossa

52
Q

Reverse

Embryonic formation of bone by the replacement of calcified cartilage; most skeletal bones are formed by this process

A

Endochondral Ossification

53
Q

Reverse

Loss of blood from the vessels by flow through rupture walls; bleeding

A

Hemorrhage

54
Q

Reverse

System of interconnecting canals in the microscopic structure of adult compact bone; unit of bone; also called Haversian system

A

Osteon

55
Q

Reverse

Small endocrine glands located on the posterior aspect of the thyroid gland

A

Parathyroid Gland

56
Q

Reverse

Plate of hyaline cartilage at he junction of the diaphysis and epiphysis that provides for growth in length of a long bone

A

Epiphyseal plate

57
Q

Reverse

Internal layer of skeletal bone. Also called cancellous bone

A

Spongy Bone

58
Q

Reverse

Growth accomplished by the addition of new layers onto those previously formed

A

Appostitional growth

59
Q

Reverse

The most abundant cartilage type in the body; provides firm support with some pliability

A

Hyaline Cartilage

60
Q

Reverse

One of four types of connective tissue- avascular and not innervated

A

Cartilage

61
Q

Reverse

The junction of two or more bones

A

Articulation (joint)

62
Q

Reverse

Disorder in which bones are inadequately mineralized; soft bones

A

Osteomalacia

62
Q

Reverse

Disorder in which bones are inadequately mineralized; soft bones

A

Osteomalacia

63
Q

Reverse

The internal layer of spongy bone in flat bones

A

Dipole

63
Q

Reverse

The internal layer of spongy bone in flat bones

A

Dipole

64
Q

Reverse

Hormone released by the parathyroid glands that regulate blood calcium levels

A

Parathyroid hormone (PTH)

64
Q

Reverse

Hormone released by the parathyroid glands that regulate blood calcium levels

A

Parathyroid hormone (PTH)

65
Q

Reverse

The canal in the center of each osteon that contains minute blood vessels and nerve fibers that serve the needs of the osteocytes

A

Central (Haversian) canal

65
Q

Reverse

The canal in the center of each osteon that contains minute blood vessels and nerve fibers that serve the needs of the osteocytes

A

Central (Haversian) canal

66
Q

Reverse

Incomplete lamellae that lie between intact osteons, filling the gaps between forming osteons, or representing the remnants of an osteon that has been cut through by bone remondling

A

Interstitial Lamellae

67
Q

Reverse

Bone-forming cells

A

Osteoblasts

68
Q

Reverse

Process involving bone formation and destruction in response to hormonal and mechanical factors

A

Bone remodeling

68
Q

Reverse

Process involving bone formation and destruction in response to hormonal and mechanical factors

A

Bone remodeling

69
Q

Reverse

Lymphocytes that mediate cellular immunity; include helper, cytotoxic, regulatory, and memory cells. Also called T Lymphocytes

A

T cells

69
Q

Reverse

Lymphocytes that mediate cellular immunity; include helper, cytotoxic, regulatory, and memory cells. Also called T Lymphocytes

A

T cells

70
Q

Reverse

Bone forming by using hyaline cartilage structures as models for ossification

A

Cartilage bone (endochondral bone)

70
Q

Reverse

Bone forming by using hyaline cartilage structures as models for ossification

A

Cartilage bone (endochondral bone)

71
Q

Reverse

The process of bone formation; Also called ossification

A

Osteogenesis

71
Q

Reverse

The process of bone formation; Also called ossification

A

Osteogenesis

72
Q

Reverse

Large cells that resorb or break down bone matrix

A

Osteoclast

73
Q

Reverse

Hole or opening in a bone or between body cavities

A

Foramen

73
Q

Reverse

Hole or opening in a bone or between body cavities

A

Foramen

74
Q

Reverse

A small space, cavity, or depression; lacunae in bone or cartilage are occupied by cells

A

Lacuna

74
Q

Reverse

A slender threadlike structure or filament.

A

Fiber

74
Q

Reverse

Decreased density and strength of bone resulting from a gradual decrease in rate of bone formation

A

Osteoporosis

74
Q

Reverse

A break in a bone

A

Fracture

74
Q

Reverse

Double-layered connective tissue that covers and nourishes the bone

A

Periosteum

74
Q

Reverse

A layer, such as of bone matrix is an osteon of compact bone

A

Lamella

74
Q

Reverse

Mass of clotted blood that forms at an injured site

A

Hematoma

75
Q

Reverse

Elongated shaft of a long bone

A

Diaphysis

75
Q

Reverse

Cartilage with abundant elastic fibers; more flexible than hyaline cartilage

A

Elastic Cartilage

75
Q

Reverse

Disorder characterized by excessive bone breakdown and abnormal bone formation

A

Paget’s Disease

75
Q

Reverse

Disorder characterized by excessive bone breakdown and abnormal bone formation

A

Paget’s Disease

76
Q

Reverse

Any of the fibrous bands extending from the capsule into the interior of an organ; strut or thin plate of bone in spongy bone

A

Trabecula

76
Q

Reverse

Relating to the limbs; one of the two major divisions of the body

A

Appendiular

76
Q

Reverse

Hormone released by the thyroid. Lowers blood calcium levels only when present at high levels

A

Calcitonin

77
Q

Reverse

Existing at birth

A

Congenital

77
Q

Reverse

Localized thickening of skin epidermis resulting from physical trauma; repair tissue formed at a fracture site

A

Callus

77
Q

Reverse

Basin-shaped bony structure composed of the pelvis girdle, sacrum, and coccyx; funnel-shaped tube within the kidney continuous with the uteter

A

Pelvis

77
Q

Reverse

The removal of osseous tissue; part of the continuous bone remodeling process

A

Bone resorption

77
Q

Reverse

Short bone embedded in tendons, variable in size and number, many of which influence the action of muscles; largest is the patella

A

Sesamoid bones

77
Q

Reverse

Short bone embedded in tendons, variable in size and number, many of which influence the action of muscles; largest is the patella

A

Sesamoid bones

78
Q

Reverse

Canals that run at right angles to the long axis of the bone, connecting the vascular and nerve supplies of the periosteum to those of the central canals and medullary cavity; also called Volkmann’s canals

A

Perforating canals

78
Q

Reverse

Connective tissue membrane covering internal bone surfaces

A

Endosteum

78
Q

Reverse

Unmineralized bone matrix

A

Osteoid

78
Q

Reverse

Central cavity of a long bone. Contains yellow or red marrow

A

Medullary cavity

78
Q

Reverse

Mature Bone cell

A

Osteocyte

78
Q

Reverse

Brain and spinal cord

A

Central nervous system (CNS)

78
Q

Reverse

The most compressible type of cartilage; resistant to stretch. Forms vertebral discs and knee joint cartilages. (The meniscus’ of the body)

A

Fibrocartilage

78
Q

Reverse

Fibrous, connective-tissue membrane covering the external surface of cartilaginous structures

A

Perichindrium

78
Q

Reverse

The end of a long bone, attached to the shaft

A

Epiphysis

Biol 430 (10 decks)

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