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Biol 430 > Muscles and Muscle Tissue > Flashcards

Muscles and Muscle Tissue Flashcards

1
Q

Contraction

A

To shorten or develop tension, an ability highly developed ing muscle cells

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2
Q

Synaptic Vesicles

A

Small membranous sacs containing neruotransmitters

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3
Q

Contractility

A

Muscle cell’s ability to move by shortening

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4
Q

Fascicle

A

Bundle of nerve or muscle fibers bound together by connective tissue

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5
Q

Glycolysis

A

Breakdown of glucose to pyruvic acid-an anaerobic process

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6
Q

Muscle tone

A

Low levels of contractile activity in relaxed muscle’ Keeps the muscle healthy and ready to act

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7
Q

Neuromuscular Junction (motor end plate)

A

Region where a motor neuron comes into close contact with a skeletal muscle cell

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8
Q

Anaerobic threshold

A

The point at which muscle metabolism converts to anaerobic glycolysis

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9
Q

Myoglobin

A

Oxygen-binding pigment in muscle

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10
Q

Stressor

A

Any stimulus that directly or indirectly causes the hypothalamus to initiate stress-reducing reponses, such as the fight-or-flight response

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11
Q

Sarcomere

A

The smallest contractile unit of muscle; extends form one Z disc to the next

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12
Q

Myofibril

A

Rodlike bundle of contractile filaments found in muscle fibers (cells)

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13
Q

Perimysium

A

Connective tissue that bundles muscle fibers into fascicles

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14
Q

Excitation-contraction (E-C) coupling

A

Sequence of events by which transmission of an action potential along the sarcolemma leads to the sliding of myofilaments

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15
Q

Sarcoplasm

A

The cytoplasm of a muscle fiber

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16
Q

Actin

A

A contractile protein of muscle

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17
Q

Endomysium

A

Thin connective tissue surrounding each muscle cell

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18
Q

Muscle fiber

A

A muscle cell

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19
Q

Latent period

A

Period of time between stimulation and the onset of muscle contraction

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20
Q

Creatine Kinase

A

Enzyme that catalyzes the transfer of phosphate from creatine phosphate to ADP, forming creating and TAP, Important in muscle contraction

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21
Q

Myosin

A

One of the principal contractile proteins found in muscle

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22
Q

Oxidative phosphorylation

A

Process of ATP synthesis during which an inorganic phosphate group attached to ADP; occurs via the electron transport chain within the mitochondria

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23
Q

Aerobic endurance

A

The length of time a muscle can continue to contract using aerobic pathways

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24
Q

Graded Muscle response

A

Variations in the degree of muscle contraction by changing either the frequency or strength of the stimulus

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25
Q

Sarcolemma

A

The plasma membrane of a muscle fiber

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26
Q

Polypeptide

A

A chain of amino acids

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27
Q

Aponeurosis

A

Fibrous or membranous sheets connecting a muscle and the part it moves

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28
Q

Smooth muscle

A

Spindle-shaped cells with one centrally located nucleus and no externally visible striation (bands). Found mainly in the walls of hollow organs

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29
Q

Acetylcholinesterase (AChE)

A

Enzyme present at the neuromuscular junction and synapses that degrades acetylcholine and terminates its action

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30
Q

Myofilament

A

Filament that constitutes myofibrils. Of two types: Actin and Myosin

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31
Q

Muscle Tension

A

The force exerted by a contracting muscle on some object

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32
Q

Cardiac muscle

A

Specialized muscle of the heart

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33
Q

Tetanus

A

A smooth, sustained muscle contraction resulting form high frequency stimulation; an infectious disease caused by an anaerobic bacterium

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34
Q

Insertion

A

Movable attachment of a muscle

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35
Q

Threshold stimulus

A

Weakest stimulus capable of producing a reaponse in an excitable tissue

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36
Q

Acetylcholine (ACh)

A

Chemical transmitter substance released by some nerve endings

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37
Q

Synaptic cleft

A

Fluid-filled space at a synapse

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38
Q

Peristalsis

A

Progressive, wavelike contractions that move foodstuffs through the alimentary tube organs (or that move other substances through other hollow body organs)

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39
Q

Motor unit

A

A motor neuron and all the muscle cells it stimulates

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40
Q

Excitability

A

Ability to respond to stimuli

41
Q

Sarcoplasmic Reticulum (SR)

A

Specialized endoplasmic reticulum of muscle cells

42
Q

Isotonic Contraction

A

Contraction in which muscle tension remains constant at a given load, and the muscle shortens

43
Q

Skeletal muscles

A

Muscle composed of cylindrical multinucleate cells with obvious striations; The muscle attached to the body’s skeleton; voluntary muscle

44
Q

Muscle twitch

A

The response of a muscle to a single brief threshold stimulus

45
Q

Epimysium

A

Sheath of fibrous connective tissue surrounding a muscle

46
Q

Tendon

A

Cord of dense regular connective tissue attaching muscle to bone

47
Q

Myogram

A

A graphic recording of mechanical contractile activity produced by an apparatus that measures muscle contration

48
Q

Resistance exercise

A

High-intensity exercise in which the muscles are pitted against high resistance or immovable forces and, as a result, muscle cells increase in size

49
Q

Creatine phosphate (CP)

A

?

50
Q

To shorten or develop tension, an ability highly developed ing muscle cells

A

Contraction

51
Q

Small membranous sacs containing neruotransmitters

A

Synaptic Vesicles

52
Q

Muscle cell’s ability to move by shortening

A

Contractility

53
Q

Bundle of nerve or muscle fibers bound together by connective tissue

A

Fascicle

54
Q

Breakdown of glucose to pyruvic acid-an anaerobic process

A

Glycolysis

55
Q

Low levels of contractile activity in relaxed muscle’ Keeps the muscle healthy and ready to act

A

Muscle tone

56
Q

Region where a motor neuron comes into close contact with a skeletal muscle cell

A

Neuromuscular Junction (motor end plate)

57
Q

The point at which muscle metabolism converts to anaerobic glycolysis

A

Anaerobic threshold

58
Q

Oxygen-binding pigment in muscle

A

Myoglobin

59
Q

Any stimulus that directly or indirectly causes the hypothalamus to initiate stress-reducing reponses, such as the fight-or-flight response

A

Stressor

60
Q

The smallest contractile unit of muscle; extends form one Z disc to the next

A

Sarcomere

61
Q

Rodlike bundle of contractile filaments found in muscle fibers (cells)

A

Myofibril

62
Q

Connective tissue that bundles muscle fibers into fascicles

A

Perimysium

63
Q

Sequence of events by which transmission of an action potential along the sarcolemma leads to the sliding of myofilaments

A

Excitation-contraction (E-C) coupling

64
Q

The cytoplasm of a muscle fiber

A

Sarcoplasm

65
Q

A contractile protein of muscle

A

Actin

66
Q

Thin connective tissue surrounding each muscle cell

A

Endomysium

67
Q

A muscle cell

A

Muscle fiber

68
Q

Period of time between stimulation and the onset of muscle contraction

A

Latent period

69
Q

Enzyme that catalyzes the transfer of phosphate from creatine phosphate to ADP, forming creating and TAP, Important in muscle contraction

A

Creatine Kinase

70
Q

One of the principal contractile proteins found in muscle

A

Myosin

71
Q

Process of ATP synthesis during which an inorganic phosphate group attached to ADP; occurs via the electron transport chain within the mitochondria

A

Oxidative phosphorylation

72
Q

The length of time a muscle can continue to contract using aerobic pathways

A

Aerobic endurance

73
Q

Variations in the degree of muscle contraction by changing either the frequency or strength of the stimulus

A

Graded Muscle response

74
Q

The plasma membrane of a muscle fiber

A

Sarcolemma

75
Q

A chain of amino acids

A

Polypeptide

76
Q

Fibrous or membranous sheets connecting a muscle and the part it moves

A

Aponeurosis

77
Q

Spindle-shaped cells with one centrally located nucleus and no externally visible striation (bands). Found mainly in the walls of hollow organs

A

Smooth muscle

78
Q

Enzyme present at the neuromuscular junction and synapses that degrades acetylcholine and terminates its action

A

Acetylcholinesterase (AChE)

79
Q

Filament that constitutes myofibrils. Of two types: Actin and Myosin

A

Myofilament

80
Q

The force exerted by a contracting muscle on some object

A

Muscle Tension

81
Q

Specialized muscle of the heart

A

Cardiac muscle

82
Q

A smooth, sustained muscle contraction resulting form high frequency stimulation; an infectious disease caused by an anaerobic bacterium

A

Tetanus

83
Q

Movable attachment of a muscle

A

Insertion

84
Q

Weakest stimulus capable of producing a reaponse in an excitable tissue

A

Threshold stimulus

85
Q

Chemical transmitter substance released by some nerve endings

A

Acetylcholine (ACh)

86
Q

Fluid-filled space at a synapse

A

Synaptic cleft

87
Q

Progressive, wavelike contractions that move foodstuffs through the alimentary tube organs (or that move other substances through other hollow body organs)

A

Peristalsis

88
Q

A motor neuron and all the muscle cells it stimulates

A

Motor unit

89
Q

Ability to respond to stimuli

A

Excitability

90
Q

Specialized endoplasmic reticulum of muscle cells

A

Sarcoplasmic Reticulum (SR)

91
Q

Contraction in which muscle tension remains constant at a given load, and the muscle shortens

A

Isotonic Contraction

92
Q

Muscle composed of cylindrical multinucleate cells with obvious striations; The muscle attached to the body’s skeleton; voluntary muscle

A

Skeletal muscles

93
Q

The response of a muscle to a single brief threshold stimulus

A

Muscle twitch

94
Q

Sheath of fibrous connective tissue surrounding a muscle

A

Epimysium

95
Q

Cord of dense regular connective tissue attaching muscle to bone

A

Tendon

96
Q

A graphic recording of mechanical contractile activity produced by an apparatus that measures muscle contration

A

Myogram

97
Q

High-intensity exercise in which the muscles are pitted against high resistance or immovable forces and, as a result, muscle cells increase in size

A

Resistance exercise

98
Q
A

Biol 430 (10 decks)

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