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Biol 430 > Nervous System and Tissue > Flashcards

Nervous System and Tissue Flashcards

1
Q

What are the 3 basic functions of the Nervous System?

A

Sensory Input

Integration

Motor Output

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2
Q

Describe the Central Nervous System (CNS)

A

Contains the Brain and Spinal Cord; interprets sensory input and dictates motor output based on reflexes, current conditions and past experiences

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3
Q

Describe Peripheral Nervous System (PNS)

A

Nerves, ganglia, sensory receptors and motor endings that lie outside of the brain. Serves as communication lines that link all parts of the body to the CNS

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4
Q

What are the 2 functional subdivisions of the PNS?

A

Sensory (Afferent) Division Motor (Efferent) Division

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5
Q

What are the 2 main parts of the Motor Division?

A

Somatic Nervous System Autonomic Nervous System (ANS)

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6
Q

What are the 2 functional subdivisions of the ANS?

A

Sympathetic Division Parasympathetic Division

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7
Q

Sensory Division

A

“Afferent”; Somatic and Visceral Sensory nerve fibers Conducts impulses from receptors to the CNS

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8
Q

Somatic Sensory Fibers

A

Sensory fibers that convey impulses from the skin, skeletal muscles, and joints (Some = body)

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9
Q

Visceral Sensory Fibers

A

Sensory fibers that transmit impulses form organs within the ventral body cavity (Visceral organs)

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10
Q

Motor Division

A

“Efferent”; Nerves that carry impulses leaving the brain and spinal cord, and destined for effectors

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11
Q

Somatic Nervous System

A

Division of the peripheral nervous system that provides the motor innervation of skeletal muscles; “Voluntary” Nervous System

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12
Q

Autonomic Nervous System (ANS)

A

Efferent division of the peripheral nervous system that innervates cardiac and smooth muscle and glands; “Involuntary/Visceral” motor system

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13
Q

Parasympathetic Division

A

The division of the autonomic nervous system that oversees digestion, elimination, and glandular function; the resting and digesting subdivision

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14
Q

Sympathetic Division

A

The division of the Autonomic nervous system that prepares the body for activity or to cope with some stressor; fight or flight

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15
Q

What is meant by “integration”, and where does it occur? (CNS or PNS)

A

Integration involves processing and interpreting sensory information, and making decisions about motor output. Integration occurs primarily in the CNS.

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16
Q

Which subdivision of the PNS is involved in (a) relaying the feeling of a “full stomach” after a meal. (b) Contracting the muscle to lift your arm, and (c) increasing your heart rate?

A

(a) Sensory (afferent) division of the PNS via the Visceral afferent fibers. (b) The Motor (efferent) division of the PNS via the Somatic Nervous System (c) The Motor (efferent) division of the PNS via the Autonomic Nervous system

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17
Q

Neuroglia Cells

A

Non-excitable cells of neural tissue that support, protect, and insulate the neurons; glial cells

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18
Q

What the 6 types of Neuroglia cells?

A
  1. Astrocytes - CNS 2. Microglial - CNS 3. Ependymal - CNS 4. Oligodendrocytes - CNS 5. Satellite - PNS 6. Schwann - PNS
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19
Q

Astrocytes Cells

A

A type of CNS supporting Cell; Assists in exchanges between blood capillaries and neurons. Control the chemical environment around neurons, “mopping up: leaked potassium ions and recapturing and recycling released neurotransmitters. The most abundant Neuroglia Cells.

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20
Q

Microglial Cells

A

A type of CNS supporting cells; cans transform into phagocytes in areas of neural damage or inflammation. Can sense injured cells and migrate toward them; and transform into macrophages that phagocytes the microorganism or neuronal debris.

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21
Q

Ependymal Cells

A

A type of CNS Supporting cell; Lines the central cavities of the brain and spinal cord forming a fairly permeable barrier between the CSF and tissue fluid.

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22
Q

Oligodendrocytes

A

A Type of CNS supporting cell; Produce myelin sheaths along thicker nerve fibers in CNS (oligo = few; dendr = branches) Less branches than astrocytes

23
Q

Satellite Cells

A

A type of PNS supporting cell; Surround Neuron cell bodies and have any of the same functions of Astrocytes in the CNS

24
Q

Schwann Cells

A

“neurolemmocytes” Surround all nerve fibers in the PNS and form myelin sheaths around thicker nerve fibers. Similar to Oligodendrocytes. Important to regeneration of damaged peripheral nerve fibers.

25
Q

Which types of neuroglia controls the extracellular fluid environment around neuron cell bodies in the CNS? In the PNS?

A

Astrocytes control the extracellular environment around neuron cell bodies in the CNS, Whereas satellite cells perform this function in the PNS

26
Q

Which two types of neuroglia form insulating covering called myelin sheaths?

A

Oligodendrocytes (CNS) and Schwann cells (PNS) form myelin sheaths.

27
Q

Neurons

A

Cells of the nervous system specialized to generate and transmit electrical signals (Action potentials and Grades potentials)

28
Q

What are some special characteristics of Neurons?

A
  1. Neurons have the ability to conduct nerve impulses 2. Neurons have extremem longevity 3. Neurons are amitotic; They lose their ability to divide 4. Neurons have an exceptionally high metabolic rate and require and abundant supply of oxygen and glucose. Neurons cannot survive more than a few minutes without oxygen.
29
Q

Neuron cell body

A

The biosynthetic center of an neuron; also called the perikaryon, or soma.

30
Q

Contains the Brain and Spinal Cord; interprets sensory input and dictates motor output based on reflexes, current conditions and past experiences

A

Describe the Central Nervous System (CNS)

31
Q

Nerves, ganglia, sensory receptors and motor endings that lie outside of the brain. Serves as communication lines that link all parts of the body to the CNS

A

Describe Peripheral Nervous System (PNS)

32
Q

“Afferent”; Somatic and Visceral Sensory nerve fibers Conducts impulses from receptors to the CNS

A

Sensory Division

33
Q

Sensory fibers that convey impulses from the skin, skeletal muscles, and joints (Some = body)

A

Somatic Sensory Fibers

34
Q

Sensory fibers that transmit impulses form organs within the ventral body cavity (Visceral organs)

A

Visceral Sensory Fibers

35
Q

“Efferent”; Nerves that carry impulses leaving the brain and spinal cord, and destined for effectors

A

Motor Division

36
Q

Division of the peripheral nervous system that provides the motor innervation of skeletal muscles; “Voluntary” Nervous System

A

Somatic Nervous System

37
Q

Efferent division of the peripheral nervous system that innervates cardiac and smooth muscle and glands; “Involuntary/Visceral” motor system

A

Autonomic Nervous System (ANS)

38
Q

The division of the autonomic nervous system that oversees digestion, elimination, and glandular function; the resting and digesting subdivision

A

Parasympathetic Division

39
Q

The division of the Autonomic nervous system that prepares the body for activity or to cope with some stressor; fight or flight

A

Sympathetic Division

40
Q

Non-excitable cells of neural tissue that support, protect, and insulate the neurons; glial cells

A

Neuroglia Cells

41
Q

A type of CNS supporting Cell; Assists in exchanges between blood capillaries and neurons. Control the chemical environment around neurons, “mopping up: leaked potassium ions and recapturing and recycling released neurotransmitters. The most abundant Neuroglia Cells.

A

Astrocytes Cells

42
Q

A type of CNS supporting cells; cans transform into phagocytes in areas of neural damage or inflammation. Can sense injured cells and migrate toward them; and transform into macrophages that phagocytes the microorganism or neuronal debris.

A

Microglial Cells

43
Q

A type of CNS Supporting cell; Lines the central cavities of the brain and spinal cord forming a fairly permeable barrier between the CSF and tissue fluid.

A

Ependymal Cells

44
Q

A Type of CNS supporting cell; Produce myelin sheaths along thicker nerve fibers in CNS (oligo = few; dendr = branches) Less branches than astrocytes

A

Oligodendrocytes

45
Q

A type of PNS supporting cell; Surround Neuron cell bodies and have any of the same functions of Astrocytes in the CNS

A

Satellite Cells

46
Q

“neurolemmocytes” Surround all nerve fibers in the PNS and form myelin sheaths around thicker nerve fibers. Similar to Oligodendrocytes. Important to regeneration of damaged peripheral nerve fibers.

A

Schwann Cells

47
Q

Cells of the nervous system specialized to generate and transmit electrical signals (Action potentials and Grades potentials)

A

Neurons

48
Q
A
49
Q
A

Satellite Cell

50
Q
A

Oligodendrocyte

51
Q
A

Ependymal cell

52
Q
A

Microglial Cell

53
Q
A

Astrocyte

54
Q
A

Biol 430 (10 decks)

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