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Human Anatomy > Test 2 (Second Time Around) > Flashcards

Test 2 (Second Time Around) Flashcards

1
Q

What are the three types of cartilage?

A

Hyaline
Elastic
Fibrocartilage

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2
Q

Cartilage-forming cells which produce new tissue by secreting a matrix

A

chondroblasts

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3
Q

Cartilage growth from the outside

A

Appositional growth

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4
Q

Chondrocytes within the cell divide and secrete a new matrix

A

interstitial growth

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5
Q

Short bones that grow within a tendon

A

Sesamoid bones

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6
Q

Long bone shaft

A

diaphysis

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7
Q

Ends of the long bone

A

epiphyses

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8
Q

Indicated location of growth plate

A

Epiphyseal line

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9
Q

Area in the center of the diaphysis with no spongy bone

A

Medullary cavity

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10
Q

Groups of cylinders to help bone resist stresses

A

Osteons

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11
Q

Runs through the core of each osteon and contains blood vessels and nerves

A

central canal

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12
Q

Lie at right angles to the central canals and connect the blood and nerve supply of the periosteum

A

Perforating canals

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13
Q

Steam cells that differentiate into bone forming osteoblasts

A

Osteogenic cells

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14
Q

Bone forming cells

A

Osteoblasts

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15
Q

Mature bone cells

A

Osteocytes

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16
Q

Cells that reabsorb or break down bone tissue

A

Osteoclast

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17
Q

Bones develop from a membrane

A

Intramembraneous ossification

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18
Q

Bones develop from hyaline cartilage

A

Endochondral ossification

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19
Q

Growth by addition of bone tissue to its surface

A

appositional growth

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20
Q

How often is compact bone replaced?

A

Every 10 years

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21
Q

Structures that stick out usually for muscle or ligament attachment

A

processes

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22
Q

Large rounded projection

A

tuberosity

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23
Q

Ridge

A

Crest

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24
Q

Large blunt projection

A

Trochanter

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25
Q

Narrow ridge of bone

A

Line

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26
Q

Small rounded projection

A

Tubercle

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27
Q

Projection above a condyle

A

Epicondyle

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28
Q

Sharp, slender projection

A

Spine

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29
Q

round or oval opening

A

foramen

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30
Q

Furrow

A

Groove

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31
Q

Narrow slit

A

Fissure

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32
Q

Indentation

A

Notch

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33
Q

Shallow depression

A

Fossa

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34
Q

Canal

A

Meatus

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35
Q

Sinus

A

Cavity within bone

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36
Q

Bone breaks and pierces the skin

A

Compound bone fracture

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37
Q

Bone breaks into small fragments

A

Comminuted fracture

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38
Q

Bone crushed during fracture

A

compression

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39
Q

Fracture caused by excessive twisting

A

Spiral

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40
Q

What is the fracture healing process?

A

Hematoma formation
Fibrocartilage callus formation
Bony callus formation
Bone remodeling

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41
Q

Blood vessels break, releasing blood that clots

A

hematoma formation

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42
Q

New vessels enter fracture area, which forms a soft callus

A

Fibrocartilage callus formation

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43
Q

Bony tissue fills the fracture area, creating a hard callus

A

Bony callus formation

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44
Q

Bony callus is remodeled, excess bony material is removed and the repaired area looks like the original bone

A

Bone remodeling

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45
Q

Bone tissue deteriorates at a faster rate than it is being produced

A

Osteoporosis

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46
Q

Bones are inadequately mineralized in adults

A

Osteomalacia

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47
Q

Bones are inadequately mineralized in children

A

Rickets

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48
Q

Bones of the upper and lower limbs as well as their attachments

A

Appendicular Skeleton

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49
Q

80 total bone arranged into skull, vertebral column and thoracic cage

A

Axial skeleton

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50
Q

Interlocking immovable joins the connect the skull bones

A

sutures

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51
Q

Upper rim of each orbit

A

Supraorbital margin

52
Q

Opening through supraorbital margin

A

Supraorbital foramen

53
Q

Smooth area just superior to the bridge of nose

A

Glabella

54
Q

Air-filled pockets within a bone lateral to glabella

A

frontal sinuses

55
Q

Where anterior portion of brain sits

A

Anterior cranial fossa

56
Q

Forms the posterior and inferior skull

A

occipital bone

57
Q

Knob or bump along the midline

A

External occipital protuberance

58
Q

Extend laterally from the protuberance

A

superior nuchal lines

59
Q

Runs horizontally just inferior to superior nuchal lines

A

Interior nuchal lines

60
Q

Formed internally, contains the cerebellum

A

Posterior cranial fossa

61
Q

Large hole through which the brainstem travels

A

Foramen magnum

62
Q

Lateral to foramen magnum and allows the head to rock and nod

A

Occipital condyles

63
Q

Form portions of the lateral and interior skull

A

Temporal bones

64
Q

Alone with the zygomatic bone, forms the zygomatic arch (cheekbones)

A

Zygomatic process

65
Q

External ear canal

A

External auditory meatud

66
Q

Dense area that resembles mountain ridge

A

petrous portion

67
Q

Opening for passage of the internal jugular vein as well as some cranial nerves

A

jugular foramen

68
Q

anterior to the jugular foramen for passage of the internal jugular vein as well as some cranial nerves

A

Carotid canal

69
Q

Internal opening of ear canal and passageway for cranial nerves

A

internal auditory meatus

70
Q

needle-like inferior projection for muscle and ligament attachment

A

styloid process

71
Q

A rounded bump lateral and posterior to the soloed process for muscle attachment

A

Mastoid process

72
Q

Partially formed by a temporal bone and contains temporal lobe

A

Middle cranial fossa

73
Q

Anterior to sphenoid, posterior to nasal bones

A

Ethmoid bone

74
Q

Horizontal plates on superior surface

A

Cribriform plates

75
Q

Forms the superior portion of the nasal septum

A

Perpendicular plate

76
Q

What are the 4 major cranial cutures

A

coronal sutures
squamous suture
sagittal suture
lambdoid suture

77
Q

Horizontal portion of the jaw

A

Body

78
Q

Vertical portion of the lower jaw

A

Ramus

79
Q

Where body and rams meet

A

Angle

80
Q

Anterior process of the ramus

A

Coronoid process

81
Q

Posterior process of the ramus

A

Condylar process

82
Q

Enlargement on the end of the condylar process on the lower jaw

A

Head

83
Q

Intermediate to coronoid and condylar processes

A

mandibular notch

84
Q

Fusion of the 2 halves of the madible

A

Mandibular symphysis

85
Q

Chin

A

Mental Protuberance

86
Q

On medial surface of each ramus

A

mandibular foramen

87
Q

Forms the upper jaw and central face

A

Maxillae

88
Q

Forms the anterior portion of the hard palate

A

Palatine process

89
Q

Opening inferior to the orbit for nerve passage

A

Infraorbital foramen

90
Q

Cheekbones

A

zygomatic bones

91
Q

Bridge of nose

A

Nasal bones

92
Q

Very small bones located in the medial walls of the orbit

A

Lacrimal bones

93
Q

Horizontal plates form the posterior portion of the hard palate

A

Palatine bones

94
Q

Pendant-shaped bone that forms the interior portion of the nasal septum

A

Vomer

95
Q

Thin, curved bones in the nasal cavity

A

Inferior nasal conchae

96
Q

What 7 bones form the walls of the orbits?

A 
Frontal
Sphenoid
Zygomatic
Maxillary
Palatine
Lacrimal
Ethmoid
97
Q

U-shaped bone that sits just inferior to the curve of mandible

A

Hyoid bone

98
Q

What are the regions of the spine? (superior to inferior)

A 
Cervical
Thoracic
Lumbar
Sacrum
Coccyx
99
Q

7 vertebrae (c1-C7)

A

Cervical

100
Q

12 Vertebrae (T1-T12)

A

Thoracic

101
Q

5 Vertebrae (L1-L5)

A

Lumbar

102
Q

5 fused vertebrae

A

Sacrum

103
Q

3-5 fused vertebrae

A

coccyx

104
Q

Abnormal lateral curvature caused by uneven muscle growth during adolescence

A

Scoliosis

105
Q

Exaggerated thoracic curvature usually caused by compression fractures of the vertebrae

A

kyphosis (hunchback)

106
Q

Exaggerated lumbar curvature

A

lordosis (swayback)

107
Q

Inner jelly-like layer of intervertebral discs

A

nucleus pulposus

108
Q

Outer layer of ligaments and fibrocartilage

A

annulus fibrosus

109
Q

Large anterior portion of vertebrae

A

body

110
Q

Posterior projection of vertebrae

A

Spinous process

111
Q

Lateral projections on the vertebrae

A

Transverse processes

112
Q

Connects transverse processes to spinous process

A

Lamina

113
Q

Connects body to transverse process

A

Pedicles

114
Q

Structure formed by the pedicles and lamina

A

vertebral arch

115
Q

Project superiorly on the vertebrae

A

Superior articular processes

116
Q

Project inferiorly on the vertebrae

A

Inferior articular processes

117
Q

Has very large superior articular facets for the occipital condyles

A

C1 vertebrae

118
Q

Vertebrae allows head to rotate

A

C2

119
Q

Spinous process is split at the tip of these

A

C3-C6

120
Q

Vertebrae that articulates with the ribs

A

T1-T12

121
Q

Larger vertebrae that have pines processes that are blunt

A

L1-L5

122
Q

Forms the posterior wall of pelvis

A

Sacrum

123
Q

True Ribs

A

superior 7 pairs that attach directly to sternum

124
Q

False ribs

A

pairs 8-12

125
Q

Floating ribs

A

pairs 11 and 12

Human Anatomy (20 decks)

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