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Human Anatomy > Test 4- Special Senses > Flashcards

Test 4- Special Senses Flashcards

1
Q

Consists of nerve fibers that carry information between the CNS and other parts of the body

A

Peripheral Nervous System

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2
Q

Detects, encodes and transmits peripheral signals to the CNS which is essential in maintaining homeostasis

A

Afferent Division of PNS

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3
Q

The process of converting forms of energy into electrical signals/nerve impulses

A

Transduction

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4
Q

Indicates presence of danger and often elicits withdrawal to safety

A

Nociceptors

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5
Q

Detect heat or cold and monitor blood temperature deep in the body

A

Thermoreceptors

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6
Q

Respond to touch, pressure, stretching of muscles, motion and sound

A

Mechanoreceptors

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7
Q

Includes sensory receptors in the nose and mouth and internal receptors that monitor blood levels of chemicals

A

Chemoreceptors

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8
Q

Sensitive to energy, including electricity, magnetism and light

A

Photoreceptors

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9
Q

Things in our environment that are registered by the five major sensory organs

A

Sensations

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10
Q

How we interpret and make sense of our sensations

A

Perceptions

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11
Q

Four Steps to Perception

A

Stimulus
Transduction
Conduction
Perception

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12
Q

Responsible for vision in dim light, detect motion

A

Rods

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13
Q

Responsible for vision in bright light, detect detail and color

A

Cones

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14
Q

General pathway of light

A

Light passes through cornea into anterior chamber

Light passes through pupil

Light passes through lens

Light passes through posterior cavity

Hits retina

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15
Q

At 20 ft the eye can read letters normally

A

20/20 vision

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16
Q

Vision is better than normal- at 20 ft the eye can read letters usually only able to be seen at 15 ft

A

20/

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17
Q

Inability to focus on far objects because the eyeballs are too elongated

A

Nearsightedness (myopia)

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18
Q

Can be fixed with corrective lenses that are thinner in the middle

A

myopia (nearsightedness)

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19
Q

Inability to focus on near objects because the eyeballs are too short

A

Farsightedness (hyperopia)

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20
Q

Can be fixed with lenses that are thicker in the middle

A

Hyperopia

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21
Q

Blurred vision caused by lenses or corneas that are misshapen

A

Astigmatism

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22
Q

Increased hyperopia with age

A

Presbyopia

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23
Q

Inflammation of the conjunctiva

A

pink eye

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24
Q

Clouding of the lenses

A

cataracts

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25
Q

Increased intra-eye pressure that occurs when the rate of aqueous humor production outpaces the rate of its removal

A

Glaucoma

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26
Q

Damage to the retina caused by complications from diabetes mellitus

A

Diabetic retinopathy

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27
Q

Misalignment of the eyes caused by weakness or paralysis of extrinsic eye muscles

A

strabismus

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28
Q

Interpreted by the insula

A

taste

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29
Q

Detects airborne molecules distinguishing thousands of odors

A

chemoreceptors

30
Q

Processed in by the temporal lobe

A

Smell

31
Q

External, fennel-shaped portion of the ear that catches sound waves

A

Auricle/pinna

32
Q

Channels sound saves toward the middle ear

A

External auditory meatus

33
Q

Amplifies sound waves

A

Tympanic membrane

34
Q

Accessories that amplify sound waves

A

Auditory occiscles

35
Q

Connects the middle ear with the nasopharynx, equalizes air pressure

A

Auditory/ eustachian tube

36
Q

Portion of the inner ear responsible for hearing

A

Cochlea

37
Q

Portion of the bony labyrinth called the scala vestibule

A

Upper chamber of the Cochlea

38
Q

Fills the upper and lower chambers of the cochlea

A

Perilymph

39
Q

Middle chamber of the cochlea that is a part of the membranous labyrinth

A

Cochlear duct/scala media

40
Q

separates the cochlear duct from the scala vestibule

A

Reissner’s membrane

41
Q

Separates the cochlear duct/scala media from the scala tympani

A

Basilar membrane

42
Q

Sound wave pathway within the cochlea

A

Sound enters perilymph at the oval window

Travels along the scala vestibule

Passes through the vestibular membrane

Enters the endolymph of the cochlear duct

Moves the basilar membrane

Enters perilymph of the scala tympani

To the round window

43
Q

Located on the basilar membrane

A

organ of corti

44
Q

Contains hearing receptors

A

Corti

45
Q

Sensory impulses from ear

A

movement of specific hair cells opens cation channels

depolarization occurs

neurotransmitters are released

sensory impulses are triggered on fibers of cochlear branch of vestibulochlear nerve

auditory cortex interprets sensory impulses

46
Q

Sound waves of various frequencies stimulate different parts of basilar membrane

A

Pitch discrimination

47
Q

Depends on amplitude of vibration

A

Loudness (intensity)

48
Q

Lies in the temporal bone and helps maintain static equilibrium and dynamic equilibrium

A

Vestibular apparatus

49
Q

Senses position of the head, maintaining posture and position when the head and body are still

A

Static equilibrium

50
Q

Maintained by otolithic organs

A

Static equilibrium

51
Q

Senses sudden movement or rotation of the body or head, aids in maintaining balance

A

Dynamic equilibrium

52
Q

Maintained by semicircular canals

A

Dynamic equilibrium

53
Q

Modified epithelial cells that are the receptors for equilibrium

A

Hair cells

54
Q

contains endolymph fluid, which helps detect movement

A

semicircular canals

55
Q

Swelling at the end of the cancls

A

ampulla

56
Q

Contains elevated area which contains hair cells, which gets pushed by the cupula

A

Ampullaris

57
Q

Otolithic organs

A

Utricle and saccule

58
Q

As the head moves, the movement of the ________ moves, pushing the hairs in various directions

A

otolithic membrane

59
Q

More sensitiv eto horizontaal movement

A

Utricle

60
Q

More sensitive to vertical movement

A

Saccule

61
Q

Ringing in one or both ears

A

Tinnitis

62
Q

Lack of efficient sound conduction through the eardrum or ossicles

A

Conductive hearing loss

63
Q

Most commonly caused by fluid in the flat eustachian tube

A

Conductive hearing loss

64
Q

Inflammation and/or infection of the ear

A

Otitis

65
Q

Caused by bacteria or fungi that enter and inhabit the ear canal, usually due to moisture

A

Externa

66
Q

Infection of the middle ear

A

Media

67
Q

Infection in inner ear

A

Interna

68
Q

Sense of dizziness or imbalance

A

Vertigo

69
Q

Inner ear disorder due to buildup of fluid and changing pressure

A

Meziere’s disease

70
Q

Viral infection causing inflammation of the inner ear

A

Vestibular labyrnthitis

Human Anatomy (20 decks)

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