Experiments

Question 1

The Organizer

Answer 1

Donor dorsal blastopore transplanted, and caused induction of a secondary site of gastrulation, followed by a second neural, and eventually a second organism connected to the first.

Question 2

E.B Wilson & Mollusks [example of what?]

Answer 2

Demonstrated autonomous specification by myoplasm redistribution, cells preprogrammed to a specific type

Question 3

Hans Dreisch

Answer 3

Exhibited that while splitting an early cell mass, you could produce equal mollusks

Question 4

Briggs and King/ Gurdon

Answer 4

Demonstrated Cloning by Nuclear Transfer, enucleate and activate one egg, add donor nucleus, and allow natural birth

Question 5

Dolly the Sheep [results]

Answer 5

She was fertile, she died, 10% shorter telomeres

Question 6

Other clones animals

Answer 6

Cumulina, Cattle, Cats, dogs, frozen animals,

Question 7

LOS

Answer 7

Large Offspring Syndrome, placental and organ defects, often issues in epigenetics, methylation, histones etc.

Question 8

What evidence do we have that ICM cells are pluripotent?

Answer 8

We have created monkey’s by embryo splitting (Tetra), and we have also created chimeric mice by embryo combination

Question 9

iPS cells

Answer 9

Adult skin cells introduced to viruses that contain 4 important Yamanaka factors [genes] that induce pluripotency

Question 10

Proof of Pluripotency

Answer 10

1) Teratomas, also can rescue tetraploid mouse cell embryos that cannot create ICM cells on their own- called tetraploid complementation.