Frog Quiz Flashcards

1
Q

The gray crescent is necessary to form ___. Without it, you form ___.

A

Gray crescent is necessary to form axial structures. Otherwise you get the belly piece, chicken mcnuggets.

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2
Q

What happens with MTs over expressed?

A

Axial head structures overexpressed

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3
Q

What factors are involved in expressing B catenin in excess?

A

Presence of disheveled, GSK-3, and Wnt 11

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4
Q

What does B catenin cause transcription of?

A

Siamois, and Twin

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5
Q

Mesoderm Induction: Step 1

A

Vg1 (TGF Beta protein) induces VegT (transcription factor) which causes endoderm formation, increased Beta catenin increases nodal.

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6
Q

Mesoderm Induction: Step 2

A

Graded Nodal expression dorsal/ventral

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7
Q

Mesoderm Induction: Step 3

A

Mesoderm induced in the marginal zone from underlying vegetal cells

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8
Q

Ventral Dorsal Interaction: BMPs

A

Ventral BMPs inhibited by Dorsal Noggin and Chordin

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9
Q

Ventral Dorsal Interaction: XWnt8

A

Ventral XWnt8 inhibited by Dorsal FrzB,Dickkopf, and Cerberus

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10
Q

Without ventral signals, ectoderm will become ___

A

Neural

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11
Q

Neural Induction: What posteriorizes?

A

Wnt, FGF, RA

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12
Q

Neural Induction: What creates the spinal cord?

A

BMP inhibitors

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13
Q

Neural Induction: What creates brain?

A

Wnt inhibitors

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14
Q

NIMZ after gastrulation

A

part becomes neural ectoderm, part becomes epidermis

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15
Q

IMZ after gastrulation Dorsal Deep Cells & Dorsal Superficial Cells

A

Dorsal Deep Cells: Organizer

Dorsal Superficial Cells: Roof of archenteron, endoderm

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16
Q

Motions: Animal Cap

A

Radial Intercalation, followed by epiboly

17
Q

Motions: Bottle Cells

A

invagination by apical constriction, then respreading to the roof of the archenteron

18
Q

Motions: NIMZ

A

Radial intercalation, followed by convergent extension

19
Q

Motions: IMZ

A

Convergent Extension

20
Q

Motions: LEM

A

Directed migration via fibronectin