Flashcards in 490 - Glaucoma drugs Deck (17)
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1
How does epinephrine help in the treatment of glaucoma?
↓ aqueous humor synthesis via vasoconstriction (α-agonism)
2
What is brimonidine and what is its mechanism in the treatment of glaucoma?
an α2 agonist; ↓ aqueous humor synthesis
3
Does epinephrine cause mydriasis or miosis as a side effect?
mydriasis
4
Is epinephrine used for open or closed-angle glaucoma?
open: due to mydriatic effect it is contraindicated for closed angle glaucoma
5
Blurry vision, ocular hyperemia, foreign body sensation, ocular allergic reactions, and ocular pruritus are side effects of which glaucoma drug?
Brimonidine
6
How do β-blockers help in the treatment of glaucoma?
↓ aqueous humor synthesis
7
What are 3 examples of β-blockers used in the treatment of glaucoma?
timolol, betaxolol, carteolol
8
What is the mechanism of action of acetazolamide in its use as a glaucoma treatment?
↓ aqueous humor synthesis
9
What are eye-related side effects in the use of β-blockers for the treatment of glaucoma?
No pupillary or vision changes
10
What are eye-related side effects in the use of acetazolamide for the treatment of glaucoma?
No pupillary or vision changes
11
Give 2 examples of direct cholinomimetics used in the treatment of glaucoma:
pilocarpine, carbachol
12
Give 2 examples of indirect cholinomimetics used in the treatment of glaucoma:
physostigmine, echothiophate
13
How do cholinomimetics help in glaucoma?
↑ outflow of aqueous humor via contraction of ciliary muscle and opening of trabecular meshwork
14
What is one glaucoma drug that can be used in an emergency? why?
pilocarpine: it is very effective at opening meshwork into the canal of Schlemm
15
What are the eye-related side effects of cholinomimetics?
Miosis and cyclospasm (contraction of ciliary muscle)
16
Which prostaglandin can be used in the treatment of glaucoma? Why?
Latanoprost (PGF2α); it increases outflow of aqueous humor
17
