Diseases And Conditions And Procedures (CV)

Question 1

Angina pectoris

Answer 1

Mild to severe pain or pressure in the chest caused by ischemia; also called “angina”

Question 2

Fusion aneurysm

Answer 2

Dilation of entire circumference of the artery

Question 3

Saccular aneurysm

Answer 3

Bulging on only one side of the artery wall

Question 4

Dissecting aneurysm

Answer 4

Tear (dissection) in the wall of an artery because of bleeding into the weakened wall which splits the wall (more common in the aorta)

Question 5

Aneurysm

Answer 5

Abnormal widening (ballooning) of a portion of an artery as a result of weakness in its wall, or it may be present at birth (congenital) - the larger the aneurysm becomes, the greater the risk of rupture.

Question 6

Arrhythmia

Answer 6

Irregularity or loss of rhythm of the heartbeat; also called “dysrhythmia”
[a-=without; rrhythm = rhythm; -ia =condition]

Question 7

Fibrillation

Answer 7

Arrhythmia in which there is rapid, uncoordinated quivering of the myocardium that can affect the atria or ventricles, usually described by the part that is contracting abnormally, such as atrial fibrillation or ventricular fibrillation

Question 8

Arteriosclerosis

Answer 8

Thickening, hardening, and loss of elasticity of arterial walls; also called “hardening of the arteries”
[arteri/o=artery; scler=hardening]

Question 9

Atherosclerosis

Answer 9

Most common form of arteriosclerosis caused by accumulation of fatty substances within the arterial walls, resulting in partial and, eventually, total blockage
[ather/o=fatty plaque; scler=hardening; -osis= abnormal condition]

Question 10

Bruit

Answer 10

Soft blowing sound heard on auscultation caused by turbulent blood flow

Question 11

Embolus

Answer 11

Mass of undissolved matter (commonly a blood clot, fatty plaque, or air bubble) that travels through the blood stream and becomes loaded in a blood vessel

Question 12

Heart block

Answer 12

Disease of the electrical system of the heart, which controls activity of heart muscle

Question 13

First-degree Block

Answer 13

Atrioventricular (AV) block in which atrial electrical impulses are delayed by a fraction of a second before being conducted to the ventricular

Question 14

Second-degree Block

Answer 14

AV block in which only some atrial electrical impulses are conducted to the ventricles

Question 15

Third-degree Block

Answer 15

AV block in which no electrical impulses reach the ventricles; also called “complete heart block” (CHB)

Question 16

Heart failure (HF)

Answer 16

Occurs when the heart is unable to pump enough blood flow to meet the needs of the body and can cause a number of symptoms, such as shortness of breath, leg swelling, and exercise intolerance

Question 17

Hypertension (HTN)

Answer 17

Consistently elevated blood pressure, causing damage to the blood vessels and, ultimately, the heart.
[hyper=excessive, above normal; -tension=to stretch]

Question 18

Ischemia

Answer 18

Inadequate supply of oxygenated blood to a body part as a result of an interruption of blood flow
[isch=to hold back; -emia=blood]

Question 19

Mitral valve prolapse (MVP)

Answer 19

Strut unreal abnormality in which the mitral (bicuspid) valve does not close completely, resulting in a back flow of blood into the left atrium with each contraction

Question 20

Murmur

Answer 20

Abnormal sound heard on auscultation caused by defects in the valves or chambers of the heart

Question 21

Myocardial infarction (MI)

Answer 21

Necrosis of a portion of cardiac muscle caused by partial or complete occlusion of one or more coronary arteries; also called “Heart attack”
[my/o=muscle; cardi=heart; -al=pertaining to]

Question 22

Patent ductus arteriosus (PDA)

Answer 22

Failure of the ductus arteriosus (which connects the pulmonary artery to the aortic arch in a fetus) to close after birth, resulting in an abnormal opening between the pulmonary artery and the aorta

Question 23

Raynaud disease

Answer 23

Severe, sudden vasoconstriction and spasm in fingers and toes followed by cyanosis after exposure to cold temperature or emotional stress; also called “raynaud phenomenon”

Question 24

Rheumatic heart disease

Answer 24

Streptococcal infection that causes damage to the heart valves and heart muscle, most commonly in children and young adults

Question 25

Stroke

Answer 25

Damage to part of the brain as a result of interruption of its blood supply caused by bleeding within brain tissue or, more commonly, blockage of an artery; also called “cerebro bascule accident (CVA)”

Question 26

Thrombus

Answer 26

A stationary blood clot formed within a blood vessel or within the heart, commonly causing vascular obstruction; also called “blood clot”
[thromb=blood clot; -us=condition, structure]

Question 27

Deep vein thrombosis (DVT)

Answer 27

Formation of a blood clot in a deep vein of the body, occurring most commonly in the lower legs
[thromb=blood clot; -osis=abnormal condition]

Question 28

Transient ischemic attack (TIA)

Answer 28

Blood supply to part of the brain is briefly interrupted but does not cause permanent brain damage and may be a warning sign of a more serious and debilitating stroke in the future; also called a “ministroke”

Question 29

Cardiac catheterization

Answer 29

Insertion of a small tube (catheter) through an incision into a large vein, usually of an arm (brachial approach) or leg (femoral approach) which is threaded through a blood vessel until it reaches the heart
[cardi=heart;-ac=pertaining to]

Question 30

Cardiac enzyme studies

Answer 30

Battery of blood tests performed to determine the presence of cardiac damage

Question 31

Doppler ultrasonography

Answer 31

Ultrasound technique that records blood flow velocity (speed) to image major blood vessels (arteries or veins in arms, neck, legs, abdomen) to detect obstructions caused by atherosclerotic plaques in patients at risk for stroke

Question 32

Echocardiography (ECHO)

Answer 32

Ultrasound technique used to image the heart and evaluate how the heart’s chambers and valves are working and to diagnose and detect pathological conditions
[echo-=repeated sound; care/o=heart; -graphy= process of recording]

Question 33

Electrocardiography (ECG, EKG)

Answer 33

Creation and study of graphic recordings (electrocardiograms) produced by electrical activity generated by the heart muscle; also called “cardiography”

Question 34

Holter monitor

Answer 34

Monitoring device worn by a patient that records prolonged electrocardiograph readings (usually 24 hours) on a portable take recorder while the patient conducts normal daily activities.

Question 35

Stress test

Answer 35

Electrocardiography (ECG) taken under controlled exercise stress conditions (typically using a treadmill) while measuring oxygen consumption

Question 36

Nuclear stress test

Answer 36

ECG that uses a radioisotope to evaluate coronary blood flow

Question 37

Troponin I

Answer 37

Blood test that measures protein released into the blood by damaged heart muscle (not skeletal muscle) and is a highly sensitive, specific indicator of recent myocardial infarction a (MI)

Question 38

Andioplasty

Answer 38

Surgery that opens a blocked artery by inflating a small balloon within a catheter to widen and restore blood flow in the artery
[angi/o=vessel; -plasty=surgical repair]

Question 39

Cardioversion

Answer 39

Restoration of normal heart rhythm by applying an electrical counter shock to the chest using a devise (defibrillator) also called “defibrillation”

Question 40

Coronary artery bypass graft (CABG)

Answer 40

Bypass surgery in which peripheral veins are removed, and each end of the vein is sutured onto the coronary artery to create new routes around narrowed and blocked arteries, allowing sufficient blood flow to deliver oxygen and nutrients to the heart muscle.

Question 41

Defibrillator

Answer 41

Device used to administer a defibrillating electrical shock to restore normal heart rhythm

Question 42

Automatic implantable cardioverter-defibrillator (AICD)

Answer 42

Surgically implanted electrical device that continuously monitors and corrects potentially fatal arrhythmias by delivering low-energy shocks to the heart; also called “Implantable cardi overture defibrillator (ICD)”

Question 43

Automatic external defibrillator (AED)

Answer 43

Portable computerized device that analyzes the patient’s heart rhythm and delivers an electrical shock to stimulate a heart in cardiac arrest

Question 44

Endarterectomy

Answer 44

Surgical removal of the lining of an artery

[end-=in, within; arter=artery; -ectomy=excision, removal]

Question 45

Carotid endarterectomy

Answer 45

Removal of plaque (atherosclerosis) and thrombosis form an occluded carotid artery to reduce the risk of stroke

Question 46

Endogenous laser therapy (EVLT)

Answer 46

Treatment of large varicose veins in the legs in which a laser fiber is inserted directly into the affected vein to heat the lining within the vein, causing it to collapse, shrink, and eventually disappear; also called “endogenous laser ablation (EVLA)
[eno=in, within; ven=vein; -ous= pertaining to]

Question 47

Sclerotherapy

Answer 47

Chemical injection into a varicose vein that causes inflammation and formation of fibrous tissue, which closes the vein
[scler/o=hardening; -therapy=treatment]

Question 48

Valvuloplasty

Answer 48

Insertion of a balloon catheter in a blood vessel in the groin through the aorta and into the heart to widen a stenosis (stiffened) heart valve and increase blood flow; also called “permutations Valvuloplasty”