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ENT > ENT Neoplasms > Flashcards

ENT Neoplasms Flashcards

1
Q

Which gender is at greater risk for H&N CA?

A

Men

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2
Q

Risk Factors for H&N CA

A 
Smoking
Alcohol
Viral Infection (EBV, HIV)
Occupational exposure
HPV
Radiation
Poor oral hygiene
Periodontal disease
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3
Q

Mucosal Oral Tumors

A

Leukoplakia
Erythroplakia
Oral lichen Plans
Oral carcinoma

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4
Q

Salivary Gland Oral Tumors

A

Parotid
Warthlin’s tumor
Pleomorphic adenoma

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5
Q

What is Leukoplakia?

A

Precancerous lesion that presents as white patches or plaques on oral mucosa that cannot be removed by rubbing
Common in smokeless tobacco users

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6
Q

What is Erythroplakia?

A

Precancerous lesion that presents asa red erythematous component on oral mucosa that can’t be removed by rubbing

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7
Q

Risk Factors & Diagnostics of Erythroplakia

A

Alcohol/tobacco use

Need biopsy

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8
Q

What is Oral Lichen Planus?

A

Chronic inflammatory autoimmune disease

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9
Q

Presentation of Oral Lichen Planus

A

Lace-like white patches on buccal mucosa

Erosions on gingival margin

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10
Q

Diagnostics & Therapy for Oral Lichen Planus

A

Exfoliative cytology or biopsy

Therapy: Corticosteroids

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11
Q

Most Common Locations of Oral Cancer

A

Tongue
Tonsils
Gums
Floor of Mouth

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12
Q

Signs & Symptoms of Oral Cancer

A

Sore in the mouth that doesn’t heal
Red/white patch in mouth
Persistent sore throat
Hoarseness or change in voice

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13
Q

Oral Cancer Diagnostics

A 
Hx for risk factors
Exam
Endoscopy
Biopsy
CT
MRI
US
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14
Q

Oral Cancer Treatment

A

Surgery
Radiation
Possible Chemo

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15
Q

Which is the most common salivary gland tumor?

A

Pleomorphic adenoma- Parotid

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16
Q

Risk Factors for Salivary Glands

A

Radiation exposure
Smoking (Warthin’s tumor)
Virus infection
Industrial exposure

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17
Q

Presentation of Salivary Gland tumors

A 
Painless mass of salivary gland
Sub-mucosal mass/ulcerations (minor)
Nasal obstruction
Congestion
Vision changes
Trismus
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18
Q

Workup for Salivary Gland Tumors

A 
Good history & PE
CT
MRI
US
Biopsy
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19
Q

Treatment of Salivary Gland Tumor

A 
Surgery
Radiation
Combo
Total Parotidectomy
Conservative Parotidectomy
Superficial Parotidectomy
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20
Q

Conservative Parotidectomy

A

Partial parotidectomy without facial nerve

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21
Q

Superficial Parotidectomy

A

Parotidectomy of entire superficial lobe & dissection along facial nerve

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22
Q

Total Parotidectomy

A

Removal of entire lobe and surrounding tissue with preservation of facial nerve

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23
Q

Reason for Superficial Resection

A

Pleomorphic adenomas

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24
Q

Reason for Conservative Resection

A

Warthin’s tumors

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25
Q

Treatment for Submandibular Glands

A

Submandibular sialoadenectomy

Resection of submandibular gland

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26
Q

Treatment of Sublingual Glands

A

Resection of floor of mouth and involved sublingual gland as well as ipsilateral submandibular gland

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27
Q

Treatment of Minor Salivary Glands

A

Surgical resection

Radiation preferred

28
Q

Characteristics of Pleomorphic Adenoma

A 
Slowly growing
Painless
Solitary
Firm
Smooth
Moveable mass without nerve involvement
29
Q

Diagnostics of Pleomorphic Adenoma

A

CT
MRI
FNA

30
Q

Treatment of Pleomorphic Adenoma

A

Superficial parotidectomy

31
Q

Warthin’s Tumor

A

Bilateral parotid gland
Older age
Superficial location

32
Q

Risk Factor for Warthin’s Tumor

A

Smoking

33
Q

Treatment for Warthin’s Tumor

A

Conservative resection

34
Q

Where is most common place for nasal/sinus tumors?

A

Maxillary sinus

35
Q

Causes & Risk Factors for Nasal & Sinus Tumors

A 
Smoking & tobacco smoke
Exposure to dust from wood
Leather or textiles
Inhaling vapors from glue
Formaldehyde
Solvents
Nickel
36
Q

Signs & Symptoms of Nasal & Sinus Tumors

A

Persistent nasal congestion
Pain in the forehead, cheek, nose or around the eyes or ear
Post-nasal drip
Frequent & persistent nosebleeds

37
Q

Diagnostics of Nasal and Sinus Tumors

A 
H&P of H&N
Fiberoptic scope
Biopsy (FNA/open)
CT
MRI
PET
38
Q

Treatment of Nasal and Sinus Tumors

A

Surgery +/- chemo/rads
Radiation
Chemotherapy

39
Q

Types of Malignant Nasal & Sinus Tumors

A

SCC
Adenocarcinoma
Lymphomas
Esthesioneuroblastoma

40
Q

Types of Benign Nasal & Sinus Tumors

A 
Osteomas
Viral infections (HPV)
41
Q

Different Types of Nasopharyngeal Cancers

A

Keratinizing
Non-keratinizing
Undifferentiated Subtype

42
Q

Keratinizing Pharyngeal Tumors

A

Well-differentiated cells that produce keratin
Less associated with EBV
RadioRESISTANT

43
Q

Non-keratinizing Nasopharyngeal Cancer

A

Tends to metastasize
Linked to EBV
Variable radiosensitivity

44
Q

Undifferentiated Subtype Nasopharyngeal Cancer

A

Conduction with high numbers of lymphocytes
Associated with EBV
Metastasize
RadioSENSITIVE

45
Q

Signs & Symptoms of Nasopharyngeal Tumors

A 
Lump in nose or neck
Sore throat
Trouble breathing or speaking
Nosebleeds
Trouble hearing
Pain or ringing in ears
Headaches
46
Q

Areas for Oropharyngeal Tumors

A

Base of tongue
Tonsillar region
Soft palate/uvula
Pharyngeal wall

47
Q

Risk Factors for Oropharyngeal Tumors

A 
Tobacco
Poor nutrition
Heavy alcohol use
Eastern Asian descent
HPV
48
Q

Signs & Symptoms of Oropharyngeal Cancer

A 
Sore throat that doesn't go away
Lump in back of mouth, throat, or neck
Dull pain behind breastbone
Cough
Trouble swallowing
49
Q

Most type of Oral, Nasal, Sinus, or Pharyngeal Cancer

A

SCC

50
Q

Risk Factors for Hypopharyngeal Cancer

A 
Excessive drinking
Smoking
Poor nutrition
Male
HPV
51
Q

Signs & Symptoms of Hypopharyngeal Cancer

A 
Sore throat that doesn't go away
Ear pain
Lump in neck
Dysphagia and painful swallowing
Change in voice
52
Q

Diagnostics of Pharyngeal Tumors

A 
H&P
Head, neck, & chest x-rays
CT
MRI
PET
Endoscopy
Biopsy
HPV testing
53
Q

Diagnostics of Nasopharyngeal Cancer

A

Naoscopy

EBV test

54
Q

Diagnostics of Hypopharyngeal Cancer

A

Barium esophagogram
Esophagoscopy
Bronchoscopy

55
Q

Treatment of Pharyngeal Tumors

A

Surgery
Radiation
Chemotherapy

56
Q

Most common type of laryngeal tumors

A

SCC

57
Q

4 Subtypes of SCC

A

Glottic carcinoma
Supraglottic carcinoma
Subglottic carcinoma
Transglottic carcinoma

58
Q

Anatomic Area for Glottic Carcinoma

A

Involves true vocal cords

59
Q

Anatomic Area for Supraglottic Carcinoma

A

Confined to the supraglottic area

60
Q

Anatomic Area for Subglottic Carcinoma

A

Arise more than 10mm below free margin of vocal cords

61
Q

Anatomic Area for Transglottic Carcinoma

A

Cross ventricle from supraglottic area to involve true and false vocal folds

62
Q

Risk Factors for Laryngeal Tumors

A

Tobacco/Alcohol
Poor diet/oral hygiene
HPV
GERD

63
Q

Presentation of Laryngeal Tumors

A

Progressive continuous hoarseness
Dyspnoea
Stridor
Dysphagia

64
Q

Workup of Laryngeal Tumors

A 
CT
MRI
PET
Chest xray
Direct laryngoscopy
FNA cytology
65
Q

Treatment for Laryngeal Tumors

A

Early stages: radiation or surgery

Advance stages: surgery & post-op chemoradiation

ENT (10 decks)

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