SPRING insight and creativity Flashcards
what makes insight different from problem solving
‘eurika’ moment
dont seem to need the trial and error processes
sudden understanding/enlightenment of how to solve a problem straight away
what is the gestalt approach to problem solving (koler 1927)
opposed trial and error behaviourists - liked hollistic view
prev failure requires recog that prev behaviour was not successful - restructure problem to come to insight
kohler 1927 banana study
chimp want banana that is out of reach
try and fail
stop for a while
perform successful behaviour - insight
problem with kohler 1927 banana study
thorndike cats hungry so trial and error for quickest method but chimps well fed- not desperate?
also - chimps closer to humans than cats
what are incubation effects
idea that while problem solving not benefit from interruption, insight DOES
delay allows to come back with more creative ideas and increase problem space
describe the cheap necklace problem (silveira 1971)
4 chains each with 3 loops
£2 open one link and £3 to close
max £15
- open all loops on one chain and join remaining 3
- as break interval increase so does ability to solve
describe the two string problem (maier 1931)
need to join two strings
pliers in room - functional fixedness - tend to view as original function and not creative use as pendulum to solve even though most efficient
describe the candle problem (duncker 1945)
attach candle to wall and light
given candle, box with matches and tack
tend to view box for holding not for propping up candle
describe metcalfe and weibe 1947 insight and problem solving
give data on how ‘hot’ or ‘cold’ to solving algebra problem or insight problem
algebra = gradual increase from cold to hot
insight = sudden increase
what is insight overall deemed to be
not a magical revealing moment
same as problem solving but feels sudden as opposed to gradual
incubation - dont realise how close to solution until get it so seems sudden
what is p creativity
probs already done
new and unique to self but actually done before
(improbabilist-develop from existing)
what is h creativity
historically new
never thought of before
(impossibilist-reconstruct problem space)
describe wallas 1926 stages of creativity
1-preparation - prob formualted and initial attempts to solve
2-incubation - no consicous work done
3-illumination - sudden insight
4-verification - perform to see if work
describe the process of creative problem solving
no precise goal and ill defines
pre existing criteria - design prob space
may or may not be insightful but produce solution (knowledge rich prob space) - pre existing understanding
