psych 466 test 2.2 Flashcards
(14 cards)
avoidance behavior
behavior that occurs before the aversive stimulus is presented and therefore prevents its delivery
contrived reinforcers
reinforcers that have been deliberately arranged to modify a behavior; they are not a typical consequence of the behavior in that setting
discriminative stimulus
a stimulus in the presence of which responses are reinforced and in the absence of which they are not reinforced
discriminative stimulus for extinction
a stimulus that signals the absence of reinforcement
discriminative stimulus for punishment
a stimulus that signals that a response will be punished
escape behavior
a behavior that results in the termination of an aversive stimulus
extrinsic reinforcement
the reinforcement provided by a consequence that is external to the behavior, that is, an extrinsic reinforcer
generalized reinforcer
a type of secondary reinforcer that has been associated with several other reinforcers
intrinsic reinforcement
reinforcement provided by the mere act of performing the behavior; the performance of the behavior is inherently reinforcing
law of effect
as stated by thorndike, the proposition that behaviors that lead to a satisfying state of affairs are strengthened or stamped in, while behaviors that lead to an unsatisfying or annoying state of affairs are weakened or stamped out
natural reinforcers
reinforcers that are naturally provided for a certain behavior; that is, they are a typical consequence of the behavior within that setting
negative punishment
the removal of a stimulus (one that is usually considered pleasant or rewarding) following a response, which then leads to a decrease in the future strength of that response
negative reinforcement
the removal of a stimulus (one that is usually considered unpleasant or aversive) following a response, which then leads to an increase in the future strength of that response
Four types of contingencies
Negative punishment.
Positive punishment
Positive reinforcement.
Negative reinforcement.
