psych 466 2.4 Flashcards
(25 cards)
anticipatory contrast
the process whereby the rate of response varies inversely with an upcoming (anticipated) change in the rate of reinforcement
behavioral contrast
a change in the rate of reinforcement on one component of a multiple schedule produces an opposite change in the rate of response on another component
delayed matching to sample
an experimental procedure in which the animal is first shown a sample stimulus and then following some delay, is required to select that stimulus out of a group of alternative stimlui
differential reinforcement of other behavior (DRO)
reinforcement of any behavior other than a target behavior that is being extinguished. one variant of this is called differential reinforcement of incompatible behavior (DRI), in which the behavior that is being reinforced is specifically incompatible with the behavior being extinguished
discrimination training
as applied to operant conditioning, the differential reinforcement of responding in the presence of one stimulus (SD) and not another
discriminative stimulus for extinction (Sdelta)
a stimulus that signals the absence of reinforcement
errorless discrimination training
a discrimination training procedure that minimizes the number of errors (non reinforced responses to the Sdelta) and reduces many of the adverse effects associated with discrimination training
extinction
the nonreinforcement of a previously reinforced response; the result of which is a decrease in the strength of that response.
extinction burst
a temporary increase in the frequency and intensity of responding when extinction is first implemented.
fading
the process of gradually altering the intensity of a stimulus
generalization gradient
a graphic description of strength of responding in the presence of stimuli that are similar to the SD and vary along a continuum.
Like different frequencies of a tone.
multiple schedule
a complex schedule consisting of two or more independent schedules presented in sequence, each resulting in reinforcement and each having a distinctive SD
negative contrast effect
the process whereby an increase in the rate of reinforcement on one component of a multiple schedule produces a decrease in the rate of response on the other component
partial reinforcement effect
the process whereby behavior that has been maintained on an intermittent (partial) schedule of reinforcement extinguishes more slowly than behavior that has been maintained on a continuous schedule
peak shift effect
following discrimination training, the peak of a generalization gradient will shift from SD to a stimulus that is further removed from the Sdelta; think bell curve
positive behavioral contrast
the process whereby a decrease in rate of reinforcement on one component of a multiple schedule produces an increase in the rate of response on the other component
resistance to extinction
the extent to which responding persists after an extinction procedure has been implemented.
Intermittent reinforcement produces greater resistance to extinction.
resurgence
the reappearance during extinction of other behaviors that had once been effective in obtaining reinforcement
spontaneous recovery
the reappearance of an extinguished response following a rest period AFTER extinction trials
stimulus control
a situation in which the presence of a discriminative stimulus reliably affects the probability of a behavior.
Class notes: Refers to the relationship between discriminative stimuli and behavior; like traffic signal lights
stimulus generalization
in operant conditioning the tendency for an operant response to be emitted in the presence of a stimulus that is similar to an SD
side effects of extinction
Extinction burst / increase in response variability / emotional behavior (frustration) / aggression / resurgence / depression
Shortly describe DRO
Reinforce anything other than the response being extinguished
Shortly describe DRI
Reinforce a specific behavior that is incompatible ________
