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Boards: Gross > Urogenital anatomy, upper extremity muscles > Flashcards

Urogenital anatomy, upper extremity muscles Flashcards

1
Q

What is the embryology of the the urogenital/kidney system?

A

Intermediate mesoderm

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2
Q

What is the urachus?

A

Remnant of the median umbilical fold. The embryonic canal connect from allantois (respiration and excretion) to bladder. The vessels give rise to the umbilical cord.

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3
Q

What remains of the obliterated umbilical arteries?

A

The two medial umbilical ligaments

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4
Q

What is the diagnosis is urine comes out of the urachus?

A

Urachal fistula

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5
Q

What is the embryological iteration of the ejaculatory and urinary ducts?

A

Mesonephros

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6
Q

What is the embryological iteration of the kidney?

A

Metanephros

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7
Q

What is the embryological iteration of the uterus and uterine tube?

A

Paramesonephros

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8
Q

What is the blood supply to the testicles/ovaries?

A

Testicular and ovarian AA (respectively) off of the aorta

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9
Q

Where do the R testicular and ovarian veins drain? Where do the L T and O veins drain?

A

R testicular & ovarian veins -> IVC

L testicular & ovarian veins -> Left renal vein

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10
Q

What is the main artery of the penis and where does it come from?

A

Dorsal artery of the penis (comes form internal pudendal artery)

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11
Q

Although the internal iliac is the major branch supplying the bladder, what is the specific branch?

A

Vesicular artery (off of internal iliac)

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12
Q

What is the eponymous name for the rectouterine pouch?

A

Pouch of Douglas

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13
Q

Where is the vesicouterine pouch located?

A

Between bladder & uterus. Let “vesicular” remind you of bladder

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14
Q

Where is the site of fertilization in the uterus?

A

Ampulla

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15
Q

What are the sections of the uterine body form top to bottom?

A

Fundus on top

Internal os (junction of the cervical canal to the uterine body)

External os (opening of cervical canal to vagina)

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16
Q

What are the 4 parts of the fallopian tube from distal to proximal?

A

Infundibulum: has fimbriae, contains abdominal ostium

Ampulla: usual site of fertilization

Isthmus

Interstitial segment (aka uterine part) opens to uterus, contains uterine ostium

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17
Q

What are the 4 ligaments of the ovary?

A

Ovarian ligament
Suspensory ligament
Round ligament (of uterus)
Broad ligament

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18
Q

What is the purpose of the ovarian ligament?

A

Attaches ovary to uterus

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19
Q

What is the purpose of the suspensory ligament of the ovary?

A

Connects ovary to abdominal wall

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20
Q

What is the purpose of the round ligament of the uterus?

A

Attaches uterus to the labia majora (contained within broad ligament)

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21
Q

what is the purpose of the broad ligament?

A

Attaches uterus to abdominal wall

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22
Q

What are the 3 parts of the broad ligament and what do they do?

A
  1. Mesovarium: portion attaching ovary
  2. Mesosalpinx: Portion attaching to fallopian tube
  3. Mesometrium: Attaches to everything else
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23
Q

What are the contents of the broad ligament (4)?

A

Uterine tube (fallopian tube)
Round ligament of uterus
Ovarian ligament
ureter

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24
Q

What is the anterior border of the inguinal canal?

A

External oblique aponeurosis

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25
Q

What is the Posterior border of the inguinal canal?

A

Fascia transversalis

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26
Q

What is the superior border of the inguinal canal?

A

Internal oblique and transverse abdominus

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27
Q

What is the inferior border of the inguinal canal?

A

Inguinal ligament

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28
Q

What is the inguinal ligament a continuation of?

A

External oblique aponeurosis

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29
Q

What are the contents of the inguinal canal?

A

Ilioinguinal N.

Males: Spermatic cord
Females: Round ligament

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30
Q

What is the superficial inguinal ring?

A

Opening in the external oblique aponeurosis

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31
Q

What is the deep inguinal ring?

A

Opening in the fascia transversalis (lateral)

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32
Q

From what is the cremaster muscle derived and what is its innervation?

A

From internal oblique muscle, innervated by genitofemoral N.

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33
Q

What is Chordee?

A

When penis points sharply in one direction at the end of the shaft

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34
Q

What is the epididymus?

A

Comma shaped structure for the maturation of sperm

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35
Q

Where is the epididymus located?

A

Posterolateral aspect of testes

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36
Q

What does the epididymus give rise to?

A

Gives rise to the vas deferens that will ascend in spermatic cord and join with the seminal vesicles to form ejaculatory duct that empties into prostatic urethra.

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37
Q

What are the two muscles of thermoregulation for the testicles and what are their specific functions?

A

Cremaster muscle: Elevation fo testes

Dartos muscle: Wrinkles scrotum

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38
Q

What are the 2 coverings of the testicles and what kind of covering does each provide?

A

Tunica vaginalis: Serous covering

Tunica albuginea: “white covering”

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39
Q

What are the 4 segments of the urethra in males?

A
  1. ) PREprostatic urethra (before it enters prostate)
  2. ) Prostatic urethra (as it passes through prostate)
  3. ) Membranous urethra (as it passes through the urogenital diaphragm which is in the deep perineal pouch
  4. ) Spongy urethra/penile urethra (as it passes into the corpus spongiosum)
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40
Q

What muscle is responsible for erection and where does it start?

A

Corpus spongiosum, crus of the penis

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41
Q

Erection and ejaculation are controlled by which aspects of the autonomic nervous system?

A

Parasympathetic: erection
Sympathetic: ejaculation

“Point and Shoot”

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42
Q

What muscle contains most of the blood during erection?

A

Corpus cavernosum

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43
Q

What is the segmental innervation for all rotator cuff muscles?

A

C5,C6

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44
Q

What nerve supplies the supraspinatus? What is the action of supraspinatus?

A

Suprascapular N

Abduction; at first 30 degrees then again over 90 degrees

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45
Q

What is the origin and insertion of the supraspinatus?

A

Origin: Superior scapula
Insertion: Superior facet of greater tuberosity of humerus

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46
Q

What nerve supplies the infraspinatus muscle, and what is the muscle action?

A

Suprascapular N.

External rotation (primary)

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47
Q

What is the origin and insertion of the infraspinatus muscle?

A

Origin: Inferior scapula
Insertion: Middle facet of greater tuberosity

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48
Q

What is the nerve supply of the teres minor and what is the muscle action?

A

Axillary N.

Abduction (primary)
External rotation (secondary)
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49
Q

What is the origin and insertion of the teres minor?

A

Origin: Lateral border of scapula
Insertion: Inferior facet of greater tuberosity

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50
Q

What is the nerve supply of the subscapularis, and what is the muscle action?

A

Upper and lower subscapular N.

Internal rotation (primary)

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51
Q

What is the origin and insertion of the subscapularis?

A

Origin: Anterior scapula
Insertion: Lesser tuberosity

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52
Q

What is the nerve supply to the latissimus dorsi and what is the muscle’s action?

A

Thoracodorsal N. (C6,C7,C8)

Extend, adducted, medially rotate humerus at shoulder

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53
Q

What is the origin and insertion for the latissimus dorsi?

A

Origin: Iliac crest, inferior 4 ribs, spinouses T6 to Sa

Insertion: Floor of intertubercular groove

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54
Q

What is the nerve supply to the serratus anterior and what is the muscle action?

A

Long Thoracic N. (C5,C6,C7)

Protracts and abducts scapula

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55
Q

What is the origin and insertion of the serratus anterior?

A

Origin: External surface of 1st 8-9 ribs

Insertion: Anterior and medial surface of vertebral border of scapula

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56
Q

What is the only difference between the rhomboid major and minor?

A

Origin

Rhomboid Minor: Spinouses C7-T1
Rhomboid Major: Spinouses T2-T5

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57
Q

What is the nerve supply to the rhomboids and what is their action?

A

Dorsal scapular N. C5,C6

Adducts and retracts scapula

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58
Q

What is the insertion for the rhomboids?

A

Medial border of scapula

59
Q

What is the nerve supply of the deltoid and what is the muscle action?

A

Axillary N. C5,C6

Abducts, adducts, flex, extends, rotates arm medially

60
Q

What is the origin and insertion of the deltoid?

A

Origin: Around AC joint
Insertion: Deltoid tuberosity of humerus

61
Q

What is the nerve supply to the levator scapulae and what is the muscle action?

A

Dorsal scapular N. C5,C6

Elevates scapula

62
Q

What is the origin and insertion of the levator scapulae?

A

TP’s of C1-C4

63
Q

What is the nerve supply of the trapezius and what is the muscle action?

A

CN XI, C3,C4

Elevate, depress, retract scapula

64
Q

What is the origin and insertion of the trapezius?

A

Origin: Medial superior nuchal line, EOP, ligamentum nuchae, SP’s of C7-T12

Insertion: Lateral 1/3 of clavicle, acromion, spine of scapula

65
Q

What is the nerve supply of the subclavius and what is the muscle action?

A

Subclavian N. C5,C6

Depresses clavicle

66
Q

What is the origin and insertion of the subclavius?

A

Origin: First rib
Insertion: Groove for subclavius muscle on clavicle

67
Q

What is the nerve supply of the Pec major and what is the muscle action?

A

Medial (C8-T1) and lateral (C5,C6,C7) pectoral NN.

Flexes, adducts, and medially rotates humerus at shoudler

68
Q

What is the origin of the pec major?

A

Origin: Clavicular head - anterior surface med 1/3 of clavicle

Sternal head: Manubrium and body of sternum

Abdominal head: Costal cartilages of ribs 2-6

69
Q

What is the insertion of the pec major?

A

Lateral lip of intertubercular groove

70
Q

What is the nerve supply of the pec minor and what is the action?

A

Medially pectoral N.

Depresses shoulder

71
Q

What is the origin and insertion of the pec minor?

A

Origin: Ribs 3-5

Insertion: Coracoid process of scapula

72
Q

What nerve supplies the teres major?

A

Lower subscapular N.

73
Q

What are the borders of the triangular space in the shoulder?

A

Sup: Teres minor
Inf: Teres major
Later: Long head of triceps

74
Q

What does the triangular space contain?

A

Circumflex scapular A.

75
Q

What are the borders of the quadrangular space in the shouder?

A

Sup: Teres minor
Inf: Teres major
Med: Long head of triceps
Later: Humerus

76
Q

What are the contents of the quadrangular space?

A

Axillary nerve

Posterior humeral circumflex A.

77
Q

What are the borders of the triangular interval?

A

Sup: Teres major
Med: Long head of triceps
Lat: Medial head of triceps

78
Q

What are the contents of the triangular interval?

A

Radial N. (spiral groove)

Profunda brachii A.

79
Q

What muscles are the agonists to the serratus anterior?

A

Rhomboids

80
Q

What is the nerve supply to the biceps brachii and what is the muscle action?

A

Musculocutaneous N. C5-C7.

Flexion
Supination

81
Q

What is the origin and insertion of the biceps brachii?

A

Origin: Long head - supraglenoid tubercle
Origin: Short head - coracoid process of scapula

Insertion: Radial tuberosity

82
Q

What is the nerve supply to the coracobrachialis and what is the muscle action?

A

Musculocutaneous N. C5-57

Adduction, flexion of the shoulder

83
Q

What is the origin and insertion of the coracobrachialis?

A

Origin: Coracoid process (scapula)

Insertion: Humerus

84
Q

What is the nerve supply to the brachialis and what is the muscle action?

A

Musculocutaneous N. C5-C7

Flexion of forearm

85
Q

What is the origin and insertion of the brachialis?

A

Origin: Humerus (lower anterior surface)
Insertion: Coronoid/ulnar tuberosity

86
Q

What is the nerve supply to the triceps and what is the muscle action?

A

Radial N. C5-T1

Extend elbow

87
Q

What is the origin and insertion of the triceps brachii?

A

Origin: Long head - Infraglenoid tubercle
Origin: Later head - post/lat aspect of humerus, above radial groove

Origin: Medial head - Post/med aspect of humerus, below radial groove

Insertion: Olecranon of Ulna

88
Q

What are the borders of the axilla?

A

Ant: Pectoralis major
Post: Teres major & latissimus dorsi
Lat: Humerus (floor of intertubercular groove)
Med: Serratus anterior

89
Q

What does the transverse scapular ligament transform the scapular notch into?

A

The scapular foramen

90
Q

Where are the suprascapular artery and nerve relative to the ligament?

A

Suprascapular A above ligament “A for above”

Suprascapular N. Below ligament

91
Q

T/F Long head of biceps brachii is extracapsular and extrasynovial?

A

False

Intracapsular, extrasynovial

92
Q

Where is the intertubercular groove located and what does it contain?

A

On anterior humerus for tendon of long head of biceps (sits in groove). Contains attachments for 3 muscles:

Medial lip attachment: teres major
Lateral lip attachment: pec major
Floor: Lat

93
Q

What are the 5 borders of the cubital fossa?

A 
Floor: Brachialis and supinator
Roof: Bicipital aponeurosis
Lateral: Brachioradialis
Medial: Pronator teres
Superior: Imaginary line between medial & lateral epicondyles of humerus
94
Q

What are the contents of the cubital fossa M-L

A

Nerve: Median
Artery: Brachial A
Tendon: Biceps
Nerve: Radial

95
Q

What is Petit’s triangle and what are its borders?

A

Surgical landmark;

Medial: Lat
Inferior: Iliac crest
Lateral: External oblique

96
Q

If a patient has flaring of the scapulae, what muscle and nerve are implicated?

A

Rhomboids, dorsal scapular N.

97
Q

What is the nerve supply to the pronator teres and what is the muscle action?

A

Median N. C5-T1

Pronation of forearm

98
Q

What is the origin and insertion of the pronator teres?

A

Origin: Medial epicondyle/humerus, coronoid process of ulna

Insertion: Middle of lateral surface of radius

99
Q

What is the nerve supply and action of the flexor carpi ulnaris?

A

Ulnar N. C8-T1

Flex & adduct hand at carpus, flexes forearm

100
Q

What is the origin and insertion of the flexor carpii ulnaris?

A

Origin: Humeral head - medial epicondyle of humerus

Origin: Ulnar head: olecranon and posterior border of ulna

Insertion: Pisiform, hook of hamate, base of 5th MCP

101
Q

What is the nerve supply and action of the palmaris longus?

A

Median N. C5-T1

Flex & adduct hand at carpus, flexes forearm

102
Q

What is the origin and insertion of the palmaris longus?

A

Origin: Medial epicondyle/humerus

Insertion: Palmar aponeurosis

103
Q

What is the nerve supply and action of the flexor carpi radialis?

A

Median N. C5-T1

Flex and abduct hand, flexes forearm

104
Q

What is the origin and insertion of the flexor carpi radialis?

A

Origin: Medial epicondyle/humerus
Insertion: Base of 2nd and 3rd MCP

105
Q

What is the nerve supply and action of the flexor digitorum superficialis?

A

Median N. C5-T1

Flexes PIP’s, hand, and forearm

106
Q

What is the origin and insertion of the flexor digitorum superficialis?

A

Origin: Humeroulnar head - medial epicondyle, coronoid process of ulna, ulnar collateral ligament

Insertion: Palmar aspect of the middle phalanx of digits 2-5

107
Q

What is the nerve supply and action of the flexor pollicis longus?

A

Anterior interossous N.

Flexes IP of thumb

108
Q

What is the origin and insertion of the flexor pollicis longus?

A

Origin: Anterior surface of radius and interosseous membrane

Insertion: Base of distal phalanx of thumb

109
Q

What is the nerve supply and action of the flexor digitorum profundus?

A

Median & Ulnar NN.

Flexes DIP’s and hand

110
Q

What is the origin and insertion of the flexor digitorum profundus?

A

Origin: Proximal anterior ulna and interosseous membrane

Insertion: DIPs 2-5

111
Q

What is the nerve supply and action of the pronator quadratus?

A

Anterior interosseous N.

Pronation of forearm

112
Q

What is the origin and insertion of the pronator quadratus?

A

Origin: Distal aspect of anterior ulna
Insertion: Distal aspect of anterior radius

113
Q

How many tendons go through the carpal tunnel and what are they?

A

9 total

4 flex. digit. proundus.
4 flex digit superficialis
1 flex pol. longus

114
Q

What muscles represent the superficial layer of the anterior forearm (4)?

A

Pronator teres
Flexor carpi radialis
Palmarus longus
Flexor carpi ulnaris

115
Q

What muscle represents the intermediate layer of the anterior forearm?

A

Flexor digitorum superficialis

116
Q

What muscles represent the deep layer of the anterior forearm (3)?

A

Flexor pollicus longus
Flexor digitorum profundus
Pronator quadratus

117
Q

Where is the site of the radial pulse relative to the flexor carpi radialis tendon?

A

Lateral

118
Q

The anterior interosseous N supplies which 2 muscles?

A

Flexor pollicis longus

Pronator quadratus

119
Q

What is the nerve supply and action of the supinator?

A

Radial N. C5-T1

Supinates forearm

120
Q

What is the origin and insertion of the supinator?

A

Origin: Lateral epicondyle of humerus, lateral collateral ligament of elbow, annular ligament, proximal posterior and lateral ulna

Insertion: Proximal 1/3 radius

121
Q

What is the nerve supply and action of the anconeus?

A

Radial N. C5-T1

Extends elbow and abducts ulna during pronation

122
Q

What muscle is responsible for the recoil in toggle technique?

A

Anconeus

123
Q

What is the origin and insertion of the anconeus?

A

Origin: Lateral epicondyle of humerus
Insertion: Olecranon of ulna

124
Q

What is the nerve supply and action of the extensor carpi radialis longus?

A

Radial C5-T1

Extends and abducts hand

125
Q

What is the origin and insertion of the extensor carpi radialis longus?

A

Origin: Lateral supercondylar ridge/humerus
Insertion: Posterior aspect of base of 2nd MCP

126
Q

What is the nerve supply and action of the extonsor carpi radialis brevis?

A

Radial C5-T1

Extends fingers and abducts hand

127
Q

What is the origin and insertion of the extensor carpi radialis brevis?

A

Origin: Lateral epicondyle of humerus
Insertion: Posterior aspect base of 3rd MCP

128
Q

What is the nerve supply and action of the extensor carpi ulnaris?

A

Radial C5-T1

Extend and adduct hand

129
Q

What is the origin and insertion of the extensor carpi ulnaris?

A

Origin: Lateral epicondyle of humerus and olecranon

Insertion: Lateral aspect of base of 5th MCP

130
Q

What is the nerve supply and action of the extensor digitorum communis?

A

Radial C5-T1

Extend and adduct hand

131
Q

What is the nerve supply and action of the extensor digiti minimi?

A

Radial N C5-T1

Extend 5th digit

132
Q

What is the origin and insertion of extensor digiti minimi?

A

Origin: Lateral epicondyle of humerus
Insertion: Base of middle and distal phalanges of 5th digit

133
Q

What is the nerve supply and action of the extensor indicus?

A

Radial

Extends index finger

134
Q

What is the origin and insertion of the extensor indicus?

A

Origin: Ulna and interosseous membrane
Insertion: Joins tendon of extensor digitorum to index finger

135
Q

What is the nerve supply and action of the extensor pollicis longus?

A

Rdial

Extends distal phalanx of thumb. Abducts hand

136
Q

What is the origin and insertion of the extensor pollicis longus?

A

Origin: Posterior midshaft of ulna and interosseous membrane

Insertion: base of distal phalanx of thumb

137
Q

What is the nerve supply and action of the extensor pollicis brevis?

A

Radial

Extends proximal phalanx of thumb, abducts hand

138
Q

What is the origin and insertion of the extensor pollicis brevis?

A

Origin: Posterior surface of radius and interosseous membrane

Insertion: Base of proximal phalanx of thumb

139
Q

What is the nerve supply and action of the abductor pollicis longus?

A

Radial

Abducts thumb and hand

140
Q

What is the origin and insertion of the abductor pollicis longus?

A

Origin: Posterior surface of radius and ulna and interosseous membrane

Insertion: Base of 1st MCP

141
Q

What is the nerve supply and action of the brachioradialis?

A

Radial

Flexes elbow

142
Q

What is the origin and insertion of the brachioradialis?

A

Origin: Lateral supracondylar crest of humerus
Insertion: Distal radius, proximal to styloid process

143
Q

What are the boundaries of the anatomical snuffbox?

A

Floor: Scaphoid
Lateral: 2 tendons; abductor pollicus longus (most lateral), extensor pollicis brevis

Medial: Ext. pollicus longus

144
Q

What are the contents of the anatomical snuffbox?

A

Radial A. site or radial pulse`

Boards: Gross (5 decks)

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