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Boards: Gross > Lower extremity osteology, blood/nerve supply of upper/lower extremity > Flashcards

Lower extremity osteology, blood/nerve supply of upper/lower extremity Flashcards

1
Q

What is the region above the pelvic brim called?

A

Pelvis major or false pelvis

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2
Q

What is the region below the pelvic brim called?

A

Pelvis minor or true pelvis

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3
Q

What are the 2 muscles that make up the pelvic diaphragm?

A 
Levator ani (majority)
Coccygeus
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4
Q

What is the difference between genders in circumference of the pelvic bowl?

A

Wider in females, smaller in males

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5
Q

What are two possible complications of a fractured femur?

A

Damage to the sciatic nerve

Send fatty embolus to lung

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6
Q

Where is the triradiate cartilage located?

A

In the acetabulum (ilium, ischium, pubis)

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7
Q

The linea aspera is made up of two lips (lateral and medial) what are each lip a continuation of?

A

Lateral lip: continuation of gluteal tuberosity

Medial lip: continuation of intertrochanteric line

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8
Q

What attaches at the lesser trochanter?

A

Psoas major

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9
Q

What attaches at the greater trochanter?

A

Gluteus muscles

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10
Q

Where is the intertrochanteric line located?

A

Between the greater and lesser trochanters

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11
Q

What is the fovea capitis?

A

Small indentation at head of the femur

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12
Q

Where is the intertrochanteric crest located?

A

Posterior surface of femur

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13
Q

Where does the obturator internus and externus insert?

A

Internus: posterior aspect of greater trochanter

Externus: Intertrochanteric fossa

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14
Q

What is the ligamentum teres femoris?

A

The femoral capital ligament

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15
Q

What artery runs through the ligamentum teres?

A

Articular branch of the posterior branch of obturator artery.

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16
Q

What happens when the articular branch of the posterior branch of the obturator artery is damaged?

A

Legge Calve perthes or AVN of hip in adult

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17
Q

What are the other 4 hip ligaments and what do they do?

A

Iliofemoral (Y-ligament of Bigelow) ligament: Prevents hyperextensin

Pubofemoral (pubocapsular) ligament: limits hyperabduction

Ischiofemoral ligament: limits hyperextension, not as much as iliofemoral

Transverse acetabular ligament: Makes acetabulum deeper together with acetabular labrum

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18
Q

What are the 4 ligaments of the knee you need to know?

A

Cruciates (intracapsular and extrasynovial)

Oblique popliteal ligament: Strengthens knee posteriorly. An extension of semimebranosus

Coronary ligament: attach convex margins of menisci to condyles of tibia

Transverse ligament: Joints anterior edges of the two menisci

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19
Q

Does the lateral meniscus attach to the fibular collateral ligament?

A

NO

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20
Q

What 4 boney landmarks of the tibia must you know?

A

Soleal line on posterior tibia
Intercondylar eminence
Medial malleolus
Medial & lateral condyles

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21
Q

What 3 things about the fibula must you know?

A

Not part of the knee joint
Forms lateral malleolus
Articulates with lateral condyle of tibia

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22
Q

What is another name for the talocrural joint?

A

Ankle mortise

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23
Q

What is the classification of the talocrural (ankle mortise) joint?

A

Hinge/ginglymus joint

Uniaxial, flexion/entension

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24
Q

What does the subtalar joint allow?

A

Inversion/eversion of calcaneus

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25
Q

What are the 3 bands of the lateral ankle ligament listed in order in which they are sprained?

A
  1. ) Anterior talofibular
  2. ) Calcaneofibular
  3. ) Posterior talofibular
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26
Q

What is the “spring” ligament and what anatomy does it span?

A

Aka plantar calcaneonavicular ligament. Maintains medial longitudinal arch of foot. Goes from sustentaculum tali (calcaneus) to the navicular

27
Q

What are the 4 bands of the deltoid ligament (medial)

A
  1. ) Tibionavicular
  2. ) Posterior tibiotalar
  3. Anterior tibiotalar
  4. ) Tibiocalcaneal
28
Q

What does the lateral ligament of the foot attach?

A

The lateral malleolus to the talus and the calcaneus

29
Q

What does the medial ligament (deltoid ligament) of the foot attach?

A

Attaches the medial malleolus to the tarsus

30
Q

True or false: The division of arterial supply of the upper is extremity is the same of both sides

A

True

31
Q

What is the basic pattern of arterial supply of the upper extremity from proximal to distal (subclavian turns into what, which becomes what, etc)?

A

Subclavian artery at the anterior border between the first rib and clavicle becomes the axillary artery.

The axillary descends and becomes the brachial artery at the inferior border of the teres major.

At the inferior border of the cubital fossa, the the brachial will divide into the radial and ulnar arteries.

The radial artery will terminate in the hand in the deep palmar arch.

The ulnar artery in the forearm gives off the common interosseous artery that divides into anterior and posterior interosseous artery to supply the forearm (ant and post compartments). Ulnar artery terminates in hand in the superficial palmar arch.

32
Q

What is the basic pattern of venous drainage of the upper extremity from distal to proximal?

A

Axillary vein made up of: cephalic vein (radial side) and basilic vein (ulnar side) which meet at the median cubital vein, but split off again with cephalic going straight into the axillary vein, but the basilic joining with the brachial veins and then going into the axillary vein.

Axillary vein becomes the subclavian vein (+ internal jug vein) which becomes the brachiocephalic vein which drains into the SVC and then right atrium.

33
Q

Where does the external jugular vein drain into?

A

The subclavian vein

34
Q

What is the pattern of arterial supply to the lower extremity?

A

External iliac will give off Deep circumflex branch and inferior epigastric artery. At inferior border of the inguinal lig it becomes the femoral artery.

The femoral artery becomes the politeal artery (at the posterior aspect of the adductor canal). one side goes off into the anterior tibial artery, which becomes the dorsal pedis artery, and then into the arcuate.

The other branch of the popliteal artery becomes the posterior tibial artery, the peroneal artery (gives branches into lateral compartment), and then medial and lateral plantar arteries.

35
Q

What is the superficial venous drainage of the lower extremity proximal to distal?

A

Dorsal venous arch ->

Medial side of the arch: Gives rise to great saphenous vein that ascends anterior to medial malleolus and continues up anteromedial leg and thigh and drains in femoral vein.

Lateral side of arch: Gives rise to lesser saphenous vein that ascends posterior to lateral malleolus and continues up posterior leg and and drains into potliteal vein.

36
Q

What nerve of the brachial plexus has its segmental innervation from C3,C4,C5?

A

Phrenic N.

37
Q

What nerve of the brachial plexus has its segmental innervation from only C5?

A

Dorsal scapular N.

38
Q

What nerves of the brachial plexus have their segmental innervation from C5,C6 (both)

A 
Suprascapular N.
Nerve to the subclavius
Lower subscapular N.
Upper subscapular N.
Axillary N.
39
Q

What nerves of the brachial plexus have their segmental innervation from C5,C6,C7?

A

Lateral Pectoral N.
Musculocutaneous N.
Long Thoracic N.

40
Q

What Nerve of the brachial plexus has its segmental innervation from C6,C7,C8?

A

Thoracodorsal N.

41
Q

What nerves from the brachial plexus have their segmental innervation from C5,C6,C7,C8,T1?

A

Radial N.

Median N.

42
Q

What nerves from the brachial plexus have their segmental innervation from C8,T1?

A

Medial antebrachial cutaneous N.
Medial brachial cutenous N.
Medial pectoral N.
Ulnar N.

43
Q

Parse out the components of the lateral cord of the anterior division of the brachial plexus (what seg innervation, trunk, nerves)

A

C5,C6,C7

Superior & middle trunk

Musculocutaneous N. and later head of median N.

44
Q

Parse out the compenents of the medial cord of the anterior division of the brachial plexus?

A

C8,T1

Inferior trunk

Ulnar N. & medial head of median N.

45
Q

Parse out the components of the posterior division of the brachial plexus?

A

C5,C6,C7,C8,T1

All 3 trunks

Axillary N. and radial N.

46
Q

What nerve supplies the teres major?

A

Lower subscapular N.

47
Q

What nerve gives rise to the lateral brachial cutaneous N.?

A

Axillary N.

48
Q

What nerve gives rise to the lateral antebrachial cutaneous n.?

A

Musculocuteneous N.

49
Q

What nerve gives rise to the posterior brachial and anterior brachial cutaneous nerves?

A

Radial N.

50
Q

What 3 nerves are apart of the posterior division of the lumbar plexus?

A

Lateral femoral cutaneous N.
Nerve to psoas
Femoral N.

51
Q

What is the segmental innervation of the iliohypogastric N. and what muscles does it innervate?

A

T12-L1

Transverse abdominis
Internal oblique

52
Q

What are the cutaneous branches of the iliohypogastric nerves?

A

Anterior cutaneous ramus

Lateral cutaneous ramus

53
Q

What is the segmental innervation of the ilioinguinal N. and what muscles does it supply?

A

L1

Transverse abdominis
Internal oblique

54
Q

What are the cutaneous branches of the ilioinguinal N.?

A

Anterior scrotal NN (males)

Anterior labial NN (females)

55
Q

What is the segmental innervation of the genitofemoral nerve and what muscle does it supply?

A

L1,L2

Cremaster muscle in males

56
Q

What are the cutaneous branches of the genitofemoral N?

A

Femoral ramus

Genital ramus

57
Q

What is the segmental innervation of the lateral femoral cutaneous n. and What does it supply?

A

L2,L3

ONLY cutaneous. Supplies lateral thigh

58
Q

What is the segmental innervation of the obturator N. and what muscles does it supply?

A

L2,L3,L4

Obturator externus
Adductor longus, brevis, and magnus.
Gracilis
Pectineus

59
Q

What is the cutaneous supply of the obturator N.?

A

Patch on medial upper thigh

60
Q

What is the segmental innervation of the femoral N and what muscles does it supply?

A

L2,L3,L4

Pectineus
Iliopsoas
Sartorius
Quadraceps

61
Q

What is the cutaneous supply of the femoral N?

A

Anterior thigh

Saphenous: Medial leg

62
Q

What is the segmental innervation of the short direct muscular branches of the lumbar plexus and what muscles do they supply?

A

Psoas major
Quadratus lumborum
Iliacus
Lumbar intertransverse

63
Q

What are the 5 parts of the posterior division of the sacral plexus?

A
  1. ) Superior gluteal N.
  2. ) Inferior gluteal N.
  3. ) Nerve to piriformis (S1,S2)
  4. ) Common peroneal division of sciatic (L4-S2)
  5. ) Posterior femoral cutaneous nerve (also receives branches from the anterior division of S1-S3)
64
Q

What is the segmental innervation of the Pudendal N.?

A

S2,S3,S4

Boards: Gross (5 decks)

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