Posterior compartment of leg Flashcards

1
Q

What is the journey to forming the artery of the posterior compartment?

A

Aorta - common iliac - external iliac - femoral - popliteal - posterior tibial

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2
Q

What are the branches that trifurcate off the popliteal artery?

A

Peroneal artery
anterior tibial artery
posterior tibial artery

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3
Q

Once the post. tibial artery has supplied the posterior leg muscles, where does it go?

A

descends down leg, travels posterior to the medial malleolus and branches into the medial and lateral plantar arteries to supply the sole of the foot.

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4
Q

What nerve supplies the muscles of the posterior leg compartment?

A

Tibial nerve

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5
Q

Where & when does the tibial nerve originate?

A

It is one of the two branches that trifurcate off the sciatic nerve at the popliteal fossa

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6
Q

What happens to the tibial nerve?

A

It innervated the posterior leg muscles before travelling posterior to the medial malleolus and bifurcating into the medial and lateral plantar nerves in the sole of the foot and the medial calcaneal nerve

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7
Q

What does the sural nerve innervate and how is it formed?

A

Branches from the common peroneal and tibial nerve. It is a cutaneous nerve (penetrates deep fascia) that innervates the posterior/lateral skin of the inferior leg and heel.

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8
Q

What is the medial malleoulus?

A

a bony prominences

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9
Q

From Ant to Post, what runs posterior to the medial malleolus?

A
Tibialis posterior
flexor Digitorum longus
tibial Artery
Tibial Vein
Tibial Nerve
Flexor Hallicus longus
(Tom Dick And a Very Naughty Harry)
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10
Q

What are the superficial posterior compartment muscles?

A

Gastrocnemius
Soleus
Plantaris

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11
Q

What is the common movement of the superficial posterior muscles, and what is the exception?

A

They all are strong plantaflexors.

Gastrocnemius also flexes the knee as is originate from the femur

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12
Q

What is the origin of the gastrocnemius?

A

Medial and lateral condyl of the femur

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13
Q

What is the insertion of gastrocnemius and soleus?

A

Posterior calcaneus

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14
Q

What is the origin and insertion of Plantaris?

A

Origin: Femur (superior to lateral gastroc. head)

Insertion blends medially which achilles tendon

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15
Q

what is the origin of soleus?

A

Tibia and fibula

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16
Q

Although both soleus and gastrocnemius are plantaflexors, when is each more likely to be in use?

A

Soleus: walking
Gastrocnemius: running and jumping

17
Q

What are the deep posterior muscles?

A

Tibialis posterior
Flexor digitorum longus
Flexor hallicus longus
Popliteus

18
Q

What is the insertion of Tibialis Posterior and what does this mean for its movement?

A

Insertion: medial cuneiform

This is the same as tibialis anterior, therefore it produces the movement, also inverting the foot.

19
Q

Origin of tibialis posterior

A

Posterior tibia, fibula and interosseous membrane

20
Q

Origin of flexor digitorum longus

A

Middle tibia

21
Q

Origin of flexor hallicus longus

A

Interosseus membrane and inferior 2/3 fibula

22
Q

origin and insertion of popliteus

A

Origin: lateral condyl of the femur
insertion: Posterior tibia

23
Q

What are the three places the achilles tendon can be injured? How would you repair

A

1) Musculotendinous juction
2) muscle belly tear
These should be treated with REST

3) tendonous rupture
these should be either sutured or immobilized in a cast, in the plantarflex position

24
Q

If there was a weakness in plantaflexion (inability to push off) what could be the cause?

A

Muscular cause: muscle/tendons of plantaflex muscles. this would be very painful, a pop could be heard

Nerve cause: Could be due to damage to the tibial, sciatic or even the nerve plexus.

25
Q

How would you determine what nerve was damaged in plantaflexion weakness

A

Look at what other nerves (and therefore muscles) have been affected