Joints and Joint tissue

Question 1

Two types of Synarthroses (fibrous)

Answer 1

1) Synostosis - may fuse (skull suture)

2) Syndesmosis - unfused (interosseous)

Question 2

What predominately makes up synarthroses

Answer 2

collagen fibres

Question 3

What type of joint is a synchondroses, and what types are there?

Answer 3

Cartilagenous. There are primary or secondary

Question 4

Primary synchondroses?

Answer 4

bone-cartilage-bone.

eg) epiphyseal plates (small amount of movement)
eg) costocartilage (for ventilation)

Question 5

Secondary synchondroses?

Answer 5

bone-cartilage-FCT-cartilage-bone
eg) intervertebral disc
vertebrae-hyaline cartilage-NP and AF- hyaline cart-vertebrae
eg) manubriosternal joint

Question 6

Whats in NP

Answer 6

hyaluronon, sulphate and PG

Question 7

Whys it hard to pull apart two vertebral bodies?

Answer 7

Due to the annulus fibrosus. It has collagen fibres that extend into the cartilage and some even down into bone (sharpeys fibres)

Question 8

There is a ____________ between NP and AF

Answer 8

gradual transition

Question 9

How do we shrink over a day?

Answer 9

NP is sandwhiched between two cartilage plates. These squeeze down on NP and water (bound to hyaluronan) is squeezed out/ lost, and the tissue collapses a little. Collectively over all the vertebrae, you loss a few mm, that is regained at night.

Question 10

where is the COG in the different regions

Answer 10

Cervical= right over NP
thoracic= posterior as there is more ant tissue
lumber= both COG and NP are posterior

Question 11

What is the danger in the lumbar region?

Answer 11

As both COG and NP are posterior, this becomes a weak point. The AF can stiffen and break, and allow the soft NP to leak out and impinge a nerve root

Question 12

What’s a diarthroses

Answer 12

A synovial joint

bone-cartilage-jointspace-cartilage-bone

Question 13

what are menisci and what can happen to them

Answer 13

Wedges of fibrocartilage that improve the articulation. very thin centrally, these can tear and jam into the joint

Question 14

examples of diarthroses

Answer 14

1) temporomandibular joint

Question 15

Whats in synovial fluid?

Answer 15

hyaluronan (binds water and low coefficients of friction)

Question 16

Where do you find synovium?

Answer 16

tendon sheaths

bursa

Question 17

Where are you most likely to develop degenerative artritis?

Answer 17

In the periphery of your joints where the PG content is lower.

Question 18

Ways to prevent degenerative arthritis

Answer 18

By using your joints IN THE FULL RANGE OF MOTION

Question 19

What can happen when you get bone on bone

Answer 19

Your bone tries to disperse the force, and creates ‘osteophytes’/bony spurs.

Question 20

uniaxial, biaxial and triaxial/multiaxial

Answer 20

one/two/three planes of movement

1) Hinge joint (shoulder)
2) finger joint
3) Ball and socket (shoulder)