4B

Question 1

Hardy–Weinberg formula valuable?

Answer 1

calculating changes in allele frequencies

Question 2

If you totalled the frequencies for all of the alleles for a given gene found within the same population, the total would equal:

Answer 2

1

Question 3

The allele frequencies that typify a population of organisms at any one point in time constitute the _____ of that population at that time.

Answer 3

Genetic structure

Question 4

Separation of alleles corresponds to the separation of:

Answer 4

Homologous chromosomes

Question 5

Consider a population of 100 individuals. For a trait expressing simple dominance, genotype frequencies are W/W = 0.1, W/w = 0.7, w/w = 0.2. What are the allele frequencies of the W and w alleles in this population (where p is the frequency of the dominant allele).

Answer 5

p = 0.45, q = 0.55

Question 6

HW principle

Answer 6

there is no change in allele frequency if evolution does not occur

Question 7

Hardy-Weinberg conditions

Answer 7

no mutation, large population. no natural selection (differential survival), no migration/gene flow, no genetic drift, random mating

Question 8

Hardy-Weinberg equilibrium equation for allele frequency

Answer 8

p+q=1

Question 9

Hardy-Weinberg equilibrium equation for genotype frequency

Answer 9

p^2+2pq+q^2=1

Question 10

HWE randomness

Answer 10

probability of two independent events occurring together is the product of their individual probability. no selection at genotype level since haploids mix randomly.

Question 11

frequency of allele is

Answer 11

occurances/2

Question 12

Segregation results from:

Answer 12

The assignment of only one allele of a gene to each gamete

Question 13

Which is the only assumption of the Hardy-Weinberg model, that, if violated, generates novelty (new traits) within a population of organisms?

Answer 13

No mutation

Question 14

A requirement for a population to remain at Hardy-Weinberg equilibrium for any particular gene is:

Answer 14

A large number of individuals making up the population

Question 15

Imagine that you compared the observed genotype frequencies in a population to the expected genotype frequencies under Hardy-Weinberg equilibrium using a Chi-squared test and obtained a Chi-squared value of 1.32. If the critical value of the Chi-squared test statistic is 3.84 (at p = 0.05), what can you safely conclude about this population:

Answer 15

It is at Hardy-Weinberg equilibrium

Question 16

Blending inheritance

Question 17

Stabilizing selection

Answer 17

favors the average (intermediate) traits and selects against the extreme traits.

Question 18

What major outcome of his experiments did Mendel expect to find?

Answer 18

Patterns of inheritance that could be explained by simple statistics

Question 19

Polymorphism

Answer 19

🧠 Quick distinction:

If only one form is common → monomorphism.

If two or more forms are common → polymorphism.

In short:
Polymorphism = “multiple normal versions co-existing in the same group” 🌈

Question 20

A heterozygote has:

Answer 20

Two different alleles of the same gene, on homologous chromosomes

Question 21

what major outcome of his experiments did Mendel expect to find?

Answer 21

Patterns of inheritance that could be explained by simple statistics

Question 22

formula for finding allele frequencies vs gentype frequencies

Answer 22

1)p+q=1
2)p^2+2pq+q^2=1