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Question 1

the early earth atmosphere was ___ oxygen rich

Answer 1

NOT

Question 2

what was making up early earth atmosphere

Answer 2

water, methane , ammonium , hydrogen

Question 3

Lightning provided the energy needed to transform atmospheric gases into organic compounds in the

Answer 3

primordial soup

Question 4

What did Urey Miller experiment simulate

Answer 4

early earth conditions and tested chemical origin of life

Question 5

__ of carbon was in amino acids, ___ of 22
used in living cells

Answer 5

2%, 13 of 22

Question 6

Chemolithotrophy

Answer 6

Allows prokaryotes to maximize ATP production by using
different “food” source – i.e. different electron donor

Question 7

what were the major developemnts during archaen-proterozoic eon?

Answer 7

prokareyotes, eukaryotes, multicellular

Question 8

What type of communities might serve as a model for early evolution of life?

Answer 8

vent communities

Question 9

Oldest known specimens are from 3.2-3.4 billion years old,

Answer 9

oldest known prokaryote fossil

Question 10

stromatolites,

Answer 10

many prokaryote fossils are still found there

Question 11

form a biofilm that
traps layers of sediment

Answer 11

Cyanobacteria

Question 12

cyanobacteria (cyano=blue) get their energy from

Answer 12

photosynthesis

Question 13

cyanobacteria- converted early reducing atmosphere into an oxidizing one

Answer 13

• By producing gaseous oxygen as a byproduct of photosynthesis à
  (rusting of the
  Earth)

Question 14

cambodian explosion

Answer 14

So, eukaryotic algae produced more oxygen through photosynthesis. This increase in oxygen helped support more complex life forms, leading to the Cambrian Explosion 🎉.

Question 15

Great Oxygenation Event

Answer 15

Free oxygen accumulates in atmosphere
(cyanobacteria), about 2.5 billion years ago,
with a huge increase 850 million years ago
* Evidence:
* Banded Iron Formations abundant
between 2.5 and 1.8 billion years ago,
decline after
* Major changes in number of rock types
formed after this event: hydrated and
oxidized minerals

Question 16

What reacted with oxygen to form Banded Iron Formations?

Answer 16

iron and sulphur

Question 17

What is the endosymbiotic theory used to explain?

Answer 17

origin of eukaryotic organelles

Question 18

Cambrian explosion

Answer 18

• features of many modern groups appear:
  heads, mouths, eyes, legs

Question 19

extinction rate primary characteristics

Answer 19

extinction rate exceeds speciation rate

• Mass extinctions are periodic

Question 20

Before the oxygenation event, there was likely a long period of _ photosynthesis.

Answer 20

probably long period of anoxygenic photosynthesi

Question 21

how mass extinction is significant to evolution

Answer 21

Niches are cleared/ ecological opportunities available

Question 22

Paleozoic

Answer 22

Cambrian explosion; invasion of land; appearance of
gymnosperms; major groups of tetrapod

Question 23

Ediacaran fauna(cambodian exposion)
first evolutionary radiation of complex multicellular eukaryotes btw

Answer 23

Lots of weird forms of
animals now exticnt

Question 24

what occurs after mass extinction

Answer 24

ADAPTIVE RADIATION

Question 25

MASS EXTINCTIONS TAKE PLACE

Answer 25

Mass extinctions individually take place over a short period of geological time

Question 26

mass extinctions are caused by

Answer 26

Asteroid impacts ☄️ Massive volcanic eruptions 🌋 Climate change ❄️🔥 Ocean anoxia 🌊

Question 27

A group identified by an analogous character is:

Answer 27

Polyphyletic

Question 28

Which of the following characters evolved last (i.e., most recently)? A) Photosynthesis B) Multicellularity C) Heredity D) Eukaryotic cells E) Prokaryotic cells

Answer 28

MULTICELLULARY

Question 29

What is the first evolutionary radiation of complex multicellular eukaryotes?

Answer 29

The Ediacaran fauna