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4b Flashcards

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1
Q

What is the process of converting light energy into chemical energy in plants?

A

Photosynthesis

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2
Q

What is the term for the process of converting carbon dioxide and water into glucose and oxygen?

A

Otosynthesis

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3
Q

What gas do plants take in during photosynthesis?

A

Carbon dioxide

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4
Q

What is the essential liquid required for photosynthesis?

A

Water

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5
Q

What simple sugar is produced during photosynthesis?

A

Glucose

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6
Q

What gas is released as a byproduct of photosynthesis?

A

Oxygen

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7
Q
A
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8
Q

What is photosynthesis?

A

Photosynthesis is the process through which green plants convert solar energy to chemical energy in organic molecules.

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9
Q

Who are considered photosynthetic autotrophs?

A

Almost all plants, some bacteria, and protists are considered photosynthetic autotrophs.

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10
Q

What do autotrophs do?

A

Autotrophs generate their own organic matter through photosynthesis.

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11
Q

What benefits come with unlocking Pro features?

A

Unlock 80+ Pro benefits, including 100,000 template resources, unlimited PDF features, and more.

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12
Q

Is the process through which green plants convert solar energy to chemical energy in organic molecules.

A

Photosynthesis

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13
Q

Example of autotrophs generate their own organic matter through photosynthesis.

A

Mosses, ferns, flowering plants
Kelp
Cyanobacteria
Eugiena

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14
Q

3 reasons why photosynthesis is important;

A

Makes organic molecules (glucose) out of inorganic materials (carbon dioxide and water).
It begins all food chains/webs. Thus all life is supported by this process.
It also makes oxygen gas.

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15
Q

True or false

Photosynthesis starts to ecological food web?

A

True

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16
Q

It is the source of energy for most living things.

A

Sun

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17
Q

It uses energy from the sun to make their own food.

A

Plants (grass)

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18
Q

6 electromagnetic spectrum and visible light

A

Gamma rays
X-rays
Uv
Wavelength
Infrared and microwaves
Radio waves

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19
Q

What are the length of the electromagnetic spectrum and visible light?

Gamma rays
X-rays
Uv
Wavelength
Infrared and microwave
Radio waves

A

0.01 nm
1 nm
100 nm
400 -700 nm
1mm - 1cm
1m - 1km

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20
Q

Why are plants green?

A

Different wavelengths of visible light are seen by the human eye as different colors.

Reflected light

Transmitted light

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21
Q
A
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22
Q

True or false

The color of the light seen is the color not absorbed.

A

True

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23
Q

Absorb light energy and convert it to chemical energy.

A

Chloroplast

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24
Q

Absorbing light energy to make chemical energy.

A

Glucose

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25
Pigments: absorb different colors of white light.
ROY G BIV
26
It is the main pigment.
Chlorophyll a
27
Accessory pigments:
Chlorophyll b, Carotenoids
28
True or false These pigments absorb all wavelengths (light) BUT not green.
True
29
Is the process by which AUTOTROPHIC organisms use light energy to make sugar and oxygen gas from carbon dioxide and water.
Photosynthesis
30
6 CO2 + 12 H2O -> C6H12O6 + 6O2 + 6H2O
Photosynthesis formula
31
The oxygen released in photosynthesis comes from ____.
Water
32
Photo-synthesis means _______.
Putting together with light
33
Plants use ____ to turn water and carbon dioxide into glucose.
Sunlight
34
It is a kind of sugar.
Glucose
35
Plants use glucose as food for ____ and as a _____ _____ for growing.
Energy Building block
36
Makes the glucose ang heterotrophs are consumers of it.
Autotrophs
37
Site of photosynthesis
Chloroplast
38
Occurs in chloroplasts, organelles in certain plants.
Photosynthesis
39
True or false All green plant parts have chloroplasts and carry out photosynthesis.
True
40
Have the most chloroplast.
Leaves
41
The green color comes from _______ in the chloroplast.
Chlorophyll
42
The pigments absorb light energy.
Chlorophyll
43
Photosynthesis occurs primarily in the _____ in the chloroplast.
Leaves
44
A chloroplast contains: (4)
Stroma Fluid Grana Stacks of thylakoids
45
Thylakoids contain _______.
Chlorophyll
46
The green pigment that captures light for photosynthesis.
Chlorophyll
47
3 Chloroplast pigments:
Chlorophyll a Chlorophyll b Carotenoids
48
Calvin cycle makes sugar from carbon dioxide.
Light reactions convert solar energy to chemical energy. Produce ATP and NADPH
49
It is generated by the light reactions provides the ENERGY for sugar synthesis.
ATP
50
It is produced by the light reactions provides the ELECTRONS for the reduction of carbon dioxide to glucose.
NADPH
51
2 phases of photosynthesis;
Light-dependent reaction Light-independent reaction
52
Converts light energy into chemical energy; produces ATP and NADPH molecules to be used to fuel light-independent reaction.
Light-dependent
53
Uses ATP produced to make simple sugars/glucose.
Light-independent
54
Requires light. Occurs in chloroplasts (thylakoids). Chlorophyll traps energy from light. Light excites electron (e-). Kicks e- out of chlorophyll to an electron transport chain.
Light reactions or photochemical reaction/ light-dependent reactions
55
Series of proteins in thylakoids membrane.
Electron transport chain
56
1 electron transport chain;
Bucket brigade
57
NADPH - produced from e- transport chain stores energy until transfer to stroma. Plays important role in light-independent reaction.
Energy lost along electron transport chain. Lost energy used to recharge ATP from ADP. TOTAL BYPRODUCTS; ATP, NADPH, O2
58
3 components of light reactions:
Photolysis of water (hill reaction). Reduction of NADP+ to NADPH. Photophosphorylation.
59
Light and inorganic phosphate (Pi) are used to convert ADP to ATP.
Photophosphorylation
60
The electrons from the water are transferred through photosynthetic electron transfer system to NADP+ to form NADPH.
Reduction of NADP+ to NADPH
61
Water is split into hydrogen ions (H+), electrons (e-) and molecular oxygen (O2).
Photolysis of water (hill reaction)
62
2 ways to make an ATP:
Substrate level phosphorylation Electron transport chain (chemiosmosis)
63
A phosphate donates its Pi to ADP.
Substrate level phosphorylation
64
It powers ATP synthesis in the light reactions.
Chemiosmosis
65
Does not require light. Calvin cycle. Occurs in stroma of chloroplast. Requires CO2. Uses ATP and NADPH as fuel to run. Makes glucose sugar from CO2 and hydrogen.
Dark reaction or biochemical reaction or light-independent reactions
66
Carbon fixation (light independent rxn). Occurs in stroma. This is ATP and NADPH from light reaction (rxn). Uses CO2.
Calvin cycle
67
How to produce glucose:
6 turns 18 ATP 12 NADPH
68
3 phases of Calvin cycle;
Fixation Reduction Regeneration
69
C3 photosynthesis: C3 plants Called C3 because the CO2 is first incorporate into a 3-carbon compound (3-PGA). Stomata are open during the day.
Uses RUBISCO for the enzyme involved in the uptake of CO2. Photosynthesis takes place in the mesophyll cells. Consist of the Calvin cycle only. Most plants are C3 plants (rice, legumes
70
Known as Hatch and Slack pathway (1966) Stomata are open during the day. Takes place in mesophyll cells and bundle sheath cells. Includes several thousand species (corn, sugarcane, sorghum).
C4 photosynthesis: C4 plants
71
C4 plants have distinct bundle sheath called _____.
"kranz anatomy"
72
73
Carbon dioxide fixation in C4 plants as exemplified by _____.
Corn
74
After the family in which it was first found (crassulaceae) and because the CO2 is stored in the form of an acid before use in photosynthesis.
CAM photosynthesis: CAM plants (CRASSULACEAE ACID METABOLISM)
75
CAM PHOTOSYNTHESIS: Stomach are open at night and are usually closed during the day. Uses PEP Carboxylase for the enzyme involved in the uptake of CO2.
CAM Plants: many succulents (cactuses, agaves, orchids , bromeliads, and pineapple). Carbon dioxide in fixation in CAM plants as exemplified by PINEAPPLE.
76
Sugar is used for; Cellular respiration Cellulose Starch Other organic compounds
Cellular respiration Cellulose Starch Other organic compounds
77
3 aspects that can affects photosynthesis:
Light intensity Carbon dioxide Temperature
78
As light increases, rate of photosynthesis is increases.
Light intensity
79
As CO2 increases, rate of photosynthesis increases.
Carbon dioxide
80
If _____ too hot, rate drops. Temperature low - rate of photosynthesis low. Temperature increases - rate photosynthesis increases.
Temperature
81
Photosynthesis ends with what formation?
Hexose sugar (6 carbon compound)
82
May immediately interconverted from glucose to fructose, or combine together to form a sucrose (Mitchell, 1970)
Hexose sugar 6 carbon compound
83
Will be transported to other parts of the plant where there is active growth or may be converted to polysaccharides, proteins, lipids, or structural components such as cellulose, pectins, hemicellulose, etc. (Chapman and Carter, 1976)
Sucrose

Crop Production (4 decks)

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