Plant Reproduction

Question 1

________ _______is the art and science of multiplying and producing plants using propagules representing a specific genotype by means of sexual or asexual reproduction .

Answer 1

Plant propagation

Question 2

_____ is any plant part used to produce
a new plant or a population of plants. E.g.
seeds, stem, leaves, roots, etc.

Answer 2

Propagules

Question 3

The propagation of plants is a fundamental occupation of humankind.

➢These activities centered around stable communities and people began to select and propagate the kind of plants that provided a greater and more convenient supply of food and perhaps other products for themselves and their animals.

Answer 3

Importance of plant propagation in human history

Question 4

Importance of plant propagation;

1. It increase or multiply the number of plants rapidly and with minimum mortality.
2. It prevents the plant species from being lost or extinct.

Answer 4

3. To produce superior strains and disease-resistant plants that will best suited under a given climate and soil conditions.
4. It retains the desirable or genetic characteristics of the original plant. “breed true to type”
5. It shortens the bearing age of plants especially in fruit trees.

Question 5

2 methods of plant propagation:

Answer 5

Sexual plant propagation
Asexual plant propagation

Question 6

A method ofproducing new plants from seeds or spores, which are produced from the process of fertilization.

Answer 6

Sexual plant propagation

Question 7

refers to producing new plants without any fertilization occurring.

Answer 7

Asexual plant propagation

Question 8

the most common method by which
plants reproduce in nature.
- most efficient and widely used
method for cultivated crops.
- seeds arise from the fusion of male
and female gametes to form a single cell
(zygote) within the ovule of a flower.

Answer 8

Sexual propagation

Question 9

Advantage of sexual propagation

1.Sexual Propagation are often the cheapest way of producing a large number of plants in a very short period of time.
2. Sexual propagation also offers a very good opportunity to produce and develop new hybrids and varieties .
3. Plants produced are hardy.

Answer 9

5. Seeds provide an easy way to store
   plants over a long period of time (seed
   banks).
6. Large scale agriculture (including
   vegetable and field crop production) is
   dependent upon seed germination.

Question 10

Disadvantages of sexual propagation

1. Plants raised through seeds have long
   juvenile period.
2. Variation is not always good, desirable
   characteristics of the parent plant maybe
   lost. Cannot produced/breed “true-to-
   type”
3. Some seedless fruits cannot be
   propagated through seed.

Answer 10

4.Seeds (especially seeds of woody plants)
may have complex dormancies that impede germination.
5. Some plants produce no viable seeds.
6. Some seeds are difficult or slow to
germinate.

Question 11

2 kinds of botanical seeds:

Answer 11

Recalcitrant seeds
Orthodox seeds

Question 12

Seeds of plants that could not be kept for along time. It cannot withstand drying and should not permit to dry out before planting.. Ex Avocado, mango, durian, rambutan, santol, cacao, jack fruit

Answer 12

Recalcitrant seeds

Question 13

Seed of some plants that could be kept viable for longer periods, provided they are dried properly. Includes most cereal grains and most vegetables

Answer 13

Orthodox seeds

Question 14

4 Classes of seeds:

Answer 14

Breeder seeds
Foundation seeds
Registered seeds
Certified seeds

Question 15

____ ____ produced and handled only by a plant breeder: purity is very high . It is issued with WHITE TAG.

Answer 15

Breeder seeds

Question 16

___ _____ progeny of breeder seeds; handled in such a way as to maintain its genetic purity and identity. It is issued with RED TAG.

Answer 16

Foundation seeds

Question 17

___ ____ progeny of foundation seeds; handled in
such a way to maintain its genetic purity and identity. It is issued with GREEN TAG.

Answer 17

Registered seeds

Question 18

___ ____progeny of registered or foundation seeds handled in such a way to maintain its genetic purity and identity; reproduction is through certified seed growers. It is issued with BLUE TAG.

Answer 18

Certified seeds

Question 19

refers to the emergence of a new plant
from the mature seed. In other words, the activation of metabolic machinery of the
embryo leading to the emergence of a new seedling plant.

Answer 19

Seed germination

Question 20

4 environmental factors affecting seed germination:

Answer 20

Water
Temperature
Light
Gases