4B Classification

Question 1

Extremophiles

Answer 1

Bacteria that can survive extreme conditions of heat, cold, pH, salinity and pressure
(Archaebacteria)

Question 2

Eubacteria

Answer 2

• true bacteria and cyanobacteria
• reproduce asexually
• prokaryotic cells

Question 3

6 kingdom classification

Answer 3

Eubacteria
Archaebacteria
Protista
Fungi
Plantae
Animalia

Question 4

5 kingdom classification

Answer 4

Monera (prokaryotes)
Protista
Fungi
Plantae
Animalia

Question 5

Biodiversity

Answer 5

A measure of the variety of living organisms and their genetic differences

Question 6

Evolution

Answer 6

The process by which natural selection acts on variation to being about adaptations and eventually speciation

Question 7

Molecular phylogeny

Answer 7

The analysis of the genetic material of organisms to establish their evolutionary relationships

Question 8

Morphology

Answer 8

The study of the form and structure of organisms

Question 9

Morphology

Answer 9

The study of the form and structure of organisms

Question 10

Homologous structures

Answer 10

Structures that show common ancestry

Question 11

Analogous feature

Answer 11

Features that look similar or have similar functions but are not from the same biological origin

Question 12

Which domains share a more recent common ancestor?

Answer 12

Archaea and Eukaryota share a more recent common ancestor than Bacteria.

Question 13

How long ago did all 3 domains share a single common ancestor?

Answer 13

3 billion years ago

Question 14

How do archea replicate

Answer 14

By binary fission
Similar to cell cycle in Eukarya, different than in bacteria

Question 15

Endosymbionts

Answer 15

Organisms that live inside the cells or the body of another organism

Question 16

Eukaryota

Answer 16

• 4 kingdoms: animalia, plantae, fungi, protoctista
• DNA held in membrane-bound nucleus, bound to histones
• cells contain membrane-bound organelles

Question 17

Archaea and Bacteria

Answer 17

both domains contain 1 kingdom each
- unicellular organisms
- no membrane-bound organelles, DNA firms circular loop, not bound to histone proteins

Question 18

Morphological species model

Answer 18

A species definition based solely on the appearance of the organisms observed

Question 19

Sexual dimorphism

Answer 19

Describes species where there is a great deal of difference between the appearance of the male and female.

The different sexes could be confused as different species in a morphological species model.

Question 20

How do animalia get their nutrients

Answer 20

Heterotrophic:
Get their nutrients by ingesting or eating other organisms

Question 21

How is glucose stored in animalia

Answer 21

Glucose stored as polysaccharide glycogen

Question 22

What do cells in animalia never have?

Answer 22

Chloroplast or a cell wall

Question 23

What do cells in plantae contain?

Answer 23

Cellulose cell wall and chlorophyll in chloroplasts

Question 24

How do plants get their food?

Answer 24

Autotrophic
Synthesise their own food by photosynthesis

Question 25

How is glucose stored in plants?

Answer 25

Glucose stored as polysaccharide starch

Question 26

Protoctista

Answer 26

A diverse kingdom containing organisms which do not fit into the animalia, plantae or fungi kindoms. Most are unicellular, some are multicellular. Eukaryotic cells

Question 27

how are living organisms classified?

Answer 27

by putting organisms in groups based on their similarities and differences

Question 28

taxonomy

Answer 28

the science of describing, classifying and naming living organisms

Question 29

phylum

Answer 29

a group of classes that all share common characteristics

Question 30

fungi

Answer 30

a eukaryotic kingdom of heterotrophs with chitin in their cell walls

Question 31

plantae

Answer 31

a mainly autotrophic eukaryotic kingdom containing mosses, liverworts, ferns, gymnosperms and angiosperms (the flowering plants)

Question 32

domains

Answer 32

the three largest classification categories - eukaryota - bacteria - archaea

Question 33

mate-recognition species model

Answer 33

a species definition based on unique fertilisation systems, including mating behaviour

Question 34

ecological species model

Answer 34

a species model based on DNA evidence

Question 35

DNA sequencing

Answer 35

the process by which the base sequences of all or part of the genome of an organism is worked out

Question 36

DNA profiling

Answer 36

the process by which the non-coding areas of DNA are analysed to identify patterns

Question 37

Monera

Answer 37

a kingdom in the five-kingdom classification system that contains the Archaea and Eubacteria

Question 38

gel electrophoresis

Answer 38

a method of separating fragments of proteins or nucleic acids based on their electrical charge and size

Question 39

phylogenetic tree

Answer 39

model used to show the relationships between different groups of organisms

Question 40

class

Answer 40

a group of orders that all share common characteristics

Question 41

order

Answer 41

a group of families that all share common characteristics

Question 42

family

Answer 42

a group of genera that all share common characteristics

Question 43

genus

Answer 43

a group of species that all share common characteristics

Question 44

species

Answer 44

a group of closely related organisms that are all potentially capable of interbreeding to produce fertile offspring

Question 45

animalia

Answer 45

a heterotrophic eukaryotic kingdom including all the invertebrates and vertebrates

Question 46

genetic species model

Answer 46

a species model based on DNA evidence

Question 47

suggest two advantages of the binomial naming system

Answer 47

- it is a universal name which will be used by every scientist in every country - everyone is referring to the correct organism

Question 48

how do archaea reproduce?

Answer 48

asexually

Question 49

how do eubacteria reproduce?

Answer 49

asexually

Question 50

how do most potista reproduce?

Answer 50

asexually

Question 51

how do most animals reproduce?

Answer 51

sexually but some also reproduce asexually

Question 52

binomial naming system

Answer 52

composed of Genus (capital letter) and species (lowercase) written in italics or underlined

Question 53

population

Answer 53

is the number of organisms of the same species that live in a particular geographic area at the same time