4C

Question 1

what is the diversity index (formula)?

Answer 1

Question 2

Hardy-Weinberg equilibrium formula

Answer 2

Question 3

ecosystems

Answer 3

biological communities where organisms interact with one another and with their physical environment

Question 4

species richness

Answer 4

the number of different species in an area

Question 5

relative species abundance

Answer 5

the relative numbers of species in an area

Question 6

biodiversity hotspot

Answer 6

an area with a particularly high level of biodiversity

Question 7

endemic

Answer 7

a species that evolves in geographical isolation and is found in only one place

Question 8

diversity index

Answer 8

a way of measuring the biodiversity of a habitat

Question 9

allele frequency

Answer 9

the frequency with which a particular allele appears within a population

Question 10

genetic diversity

Answer 10

a measure of the level of difference in the genetic make-up of a population

Question 11

heterozygosity index

Answer 11

a useful measure of genetic diversity within a population expressed as
(number of heterozygotes : number of individuals in the population)

Question 12

ecology

Answer 12

the study of the relationships of organisms to one another and to their physical environment

Question 13

niche

Answer 13

the role of an organism within the habitat in which it lives

Question 14

anatomical adaptations

Answer 14

adaptations involving the form and structure of an organism

Question 15

physiological adaptations

Answer 15

adaptations involving the way the body of the organism works, including differences in biochemical pathways or enzymes

Question 16

behavioural adaptations

Answer 16

adaptations involving programmed or instinctive behaviour making organisms better adapted for survival

Question 17

population

Answer 17

a breeding group of individuals of the same species occupying a particular habitat and a particular niche

Question 18

gene pool

Answer 18

the sum total of all the genes in a population at a given time

Question 19

selection pressure

Answer 19

the effect of one or more environmental factors that determine whether and organism will be more or less successful at surviving and reproducing

Question 20

what does selection pressure drive?

Answer 20

speciation

Question 21

Hardy-Weinberg equilibrium

Answer 21

the mathematical relationship between the frequencies of alleles and genotypes in a population; can be used to work out the stable allele frequencies within a population

Question 22

gene flow

Answer 22

the migration of either whole organisms or genetic material into or out of a population and into another population, tending to make different populations more alike, but changing the allele frequencies within each individual population

Question 23

speciation

Answer 23

the formation of a new species

Question 24

hybridisation

Answer 24

the production of offspring as a result of sexual reproduction between individuals form two different species

Question 25

allopatric speciation

Answer 25

speciation that occurs when populations are physically or geographically separated and there can be no interbreeding or gene flow between the populations

Question 26

adaptive radiation

Answer 26

a process by which one species develops rapidly resulting in several different species which fill different ecological niches

Question 27

marsupials

Answer 27

mammals that give birth to very immature young and then protect them in pouches

Question 28

monotermes

Answer 28

primitive mammals that lay eggs and feed their offspring with mild from mammary glands

Question 29

placental mammals

Answer 29

mammals that provide for the developing fetus during gestation through a placenta

Question 30

sympatric speciation

Answer 30

speciation that occurs between populations of a species in the same place; they become reproductively separate by mechanical, behavioural or seasonal mechanisms; gene flow continues between the populations to some extent as speciation occurs

Question 31

population bottleneck

Answer 31

the effect of an event or series of events that dramatically reduces the size of a population and causes a severe decrease in the gene pool of the population , resulting in large changes in allele frequencies and a reduction in genetic diversity

Question 32

founder effect

Answer 32

the loss of genetic variation that occurs when a small number of individuals become isolated, forming a new population with allele frequencies not representative of the original population

Question 33

conservation

Answer 33

maintaining and protecting a living and changing environment

Question 34

ex-situ conservation

Answer 34

the conservation of components of biological diversity (living organisms) outside their natural habitats

Question 35

in-situ conservation

Answer 35

the conservation of ecosystems and natural habitats, and the maintenance and recovery of viable populations of species in their natural surroundings

Question 36

captive breeding programmes

Answer 36

programmes where individuals of an endangered species are bred in zoos and parks in an attempt to save the species from extinction, and if possible to reintroduce them to their natural wild environment