4b - Skeletal System; Axial Skeleton

Question 1

Axial skeleton components (4)

Answer 1

skull bones
vertebral column
ribs
sternum

Question 2

skull functions (4)

Answer 2

• house and protection for brain and sense
  organs
• house attachment for digestive system
  -provide cavity for air to enter body
  -communication

Question 3

3 areas of skull

Answer 3

cranium
nasal chambers and maxilla
mandible

Question 4

maxilla is

Answer 4

upper jaw

Question 5

mandible is

Answer 5

lower jaw

Question 6

cranium is

Answer 6

bony case protecting brain

Question 7

cranium bones (8)

Answer 7

parietal
temporal
frontal
occipital
sphenoid
saggital crest
zygomatic arch
lacrimal

Question 8

parietal location (cranium)

Answer 8

dorsal, lateral

Question 9

temporal location (cranium)

Answer 9

below parietal bone
tympanic bulla (ear)

Question 10

frontal location (cranium)

Answer 10

front of cranium (forehead)

Question 11

occipital location (cranium)

Answer 11

back of skull (caudal)

Question 12

sphenoid location (cranium)

Answer 12

ventral

Question 13

saggital crest location (cranium)

Answer 13

dorsal midline

Question 14

zygomatic arch location (cranium)

Answer 14

cheekbone

Question 15

lacrimal location (cranium)

Answer 15

eye - tears

Question 16

nasal chambers location

Answer 16

rostral part of skull

Question 17

nasal chambers is divided…

Answer 17

in 2 (left and right)

Question 18

what divides the nasal chambers

Answer 18

nasal septum (vomer)

Question 19

each nasal chamber is filled with

Answer 19

turbinates

Question 20

paranasal sinuses are

Answer 20

air filled cavities in bone

Question 21

number of paranasal sinuses in dogs

Answer 21

2

Question 22

paranasal sinuses location

Answer 22

frontal sinus in frontal bone (one either side)
maxillary in maxilla

Question 23

when paranasal sinuses inflamed can cause

Answer 23

pain in head and teeth due to location of sinuses

Question 24

hyoid apparatus structure and location

Answer 24

trapeze structure
hangs from skull
tongue attached one side, larynx attached the other

Question 25

skull shapes (3)

Answer 25

brachycephalic (small; pug) mesophalic (average; labrador) dolichocephalic (narrow shape nose; greyhound)

Question 26

vertebral column is

Answer 26

vertebrae arranged in series from base of skull to tip of tail

Question 27

vertebral column function

Answer 27

protect and house spinal cord

Question 28

vertebrae base structure components (6 -see image drawn for visual representation )

Answer 28

neural arch spinous process spinal cord articular process body transverse process

Question 29

vertebrae - transverse process location

Answer 29

side

Question 30

vertebrae - cranial articular process location

Answer 30

towards head, join vertebrae in front

Question 31

vertebrae - caudal articular process location

Answer 31

towards tail, join vertebrae behind

Question 32

vertebrae - spinous process location

Answer 32

top

Question 33

vertebrae regions (5)

Answer 33

cervical thoracic lumbar sacral caudal cunts, twats, lumbago, shithead, cd

Question 34

vertebral column formula

Answer 34

C7, T13, L7, S3, Cd 20-23

Question 35

cervical vertebrae number

Answer 35

7

Question 36

c1 is the...

Answer 36

atlas

Question 37

c2 is the...

Answer 37

axis

Question 38

c1 structure

Answer 38

no body or spinous process 2 large lateral wings (transverse processes)

Question 39

c1 joined with

Answer 39

skull

Question 40

c2 structure

Answer 40

blade-like spinal process

Question 41

c2 is a point of...

Answer 41

attachment for neck muscles

Question 42

the ______ rotates on the ______ allowing for ______

Answer 42

atlas axis head rotation

Question 43

thoracic vertebrae number

Answer 43

13

Question 44

thoracic vertebrae forms joints with

Answer 44

13 pairs of ribs on either side of the vertebrae body

Question 45

thoracic structure

Answer 45

short body and tall spinous processes short transverse processes

Question 46

lumbar vertebrae number

Answer 46

7

Question 47

lumbar structure

Answer 47

longer bodies than thoracic larger transverse processes

Question 48

lumbar large transverse process for

Answer 48

strong muscle attachment in abdomen

Question 49

which vertebrae region does the spinal cord end

Answer 49

lumbar

Question 50

sacral vertebrae number

Answer 50

3

Question 51

sacral vertebrae formation

Answer 51

fused together

Question 52

sacral forms joint with

Answer 52

pelvis (attached to wings)

Question 53

caudal vertebrae number

Answer 53

20-23

Question 54

caudal structure

Answer 54

first few same as lumbar then vary in shape progressively smaller until small bone at end of tail

Question 55

dog vs cat spine

Answer 55

dog spine = straight and solid cat spine = diagphragmatic hump (flexible)

Question 56

ribs number

Answer 56

13 pairs

Question 57

ribs bone type

Answer 57

flat

Question 58

ribs formation

Answer 58

dorsal bony and ventral cartilage

Question 59

costal cartilage is

Answer 59

the cartilage on the end of bony rib

Question 60

ribs dorsally articulate with

Answer 60

thoracic vertebrae

Question 61

ribs ventrally - sternal ribs number

Answer 61

1-8

Question 62

ribs ventrally - asternal ribs number

Answer 62

9-12

Question 63

ribs ventrally - floating ribs number

Answer 63

13

Question 64

sternal ribs articulate with

Answer 64

sternum

Question 65

asternal ribs touch....

Answer 65

cartilage of rib in front forming the costal arch

Question 66

floating ribs....

Answer 66

cartilaginous ends lie free in muscle wall

Question 67

costal arch can be seen

Answer 67

ventrally

Question 68

sternum is

Answer 68

short cylindrical bone that forms floor of rib cage

Question 69

sternabrae number

Answer 69

8

Question 70

1st sternabrae called

Answer 70

manubrium

Question 71

8th sternebrae called

Answer 71

xiphoid process

Question 72

xiphoid process structure

Answer 72

long and flat

Question 73

position of sternum in relation to ribs

Answer 73

lie below the ribs and joins to the first 8 pairs