8 - Endocrine System Flashcards by Kiah Wilson

endocrine system is

a regulatory system

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what are hormones

chemical messengers

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where are hormones carried

in blood

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Endocrine system works with __________ system to maintain ________

nervous
homeostasis

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what secretes hormones

endocrine glands

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hormones are carried in blood to what

target organs

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endocrine glands do not have ______ but exocrine glands do

ducts

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what do target organs have that allow hormones to act

receptors

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3 ways hormones signalled to be released

nerve impulses
stimulating hormone
feedback loop

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how do nerve impulses release hormone

nerve impulse is sent to signal a release of hormone is needed

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how does stimulating hormone release hormones with example

a specific hormone released into blood to signal other endocrine gland to release hormone e.g. signal sent to thyroid to release thyroxin

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how does feedback loop release hormone

level of substance in the blood directly controls release of hormone

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feedback loop example

thyroid gland have parathyroid gland which maintains calcium levels so when low will start to release more

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main list of endocrine glands (7)

pituitary
thyroid
parathyroid
adrenal
pancreas
ovaries
testes

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gastrin secreted by

stomach

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secretin secreted by

small intestine

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chorionic gonadotropin secreted by

placenta

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erythroprotein secreted by

kidneys

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chorionic gonadotropin function

used to detect pregnancy

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pituitary gland location

ventral to hypothalamus

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pituitary gland function

secrete hormone that control other endocrine glands

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pituitary gland process from hypothalamus to target organ

hypothalamus releases releasing hormone (xRH) to pituitary

pituitary gland releases stimulating hormone (xSH) to endocrine

endocrine gland releases hormone (x) to target organ

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anterior pituitary produces (6)

TSH
ACTH
FSH
LH
GH
P

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TSH

Thyroid stimulating hormone

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tsh releases what

thyroxin

ACTH

Adrenocorticotropic hormone

ACTH releases what

cortisol

FSH

follicle-stimulating hormone

fsh does what

stimulates follicles to grow

luteinising hormone

lh does what

reproduction

growth hormone

gh does what

helps growth - stimulates lengthening of bones at growth plates

prolactin

prolactin does what

stimulates lactation

posterior pituitary produces (2)

antidiuretic hormone (ADH) oxytocin

oxytocin functions (3)

milk let down contractions of uterine muscles bonding hormone between mum and offspring

adh function

acts in kidney to reduce water loss in urine - causes small amount of concentrated urine so water is kept in body

what is diabetes insipidus

deficient in adh so don't produce concentrated urine increased thirst and urine production

how to test for diabetes insipidus

dipstick in urine to check how concentrated - will be very weak and mainly water

thyroid glands location

either side of trachea

thyroid glands release (2)

thyroid hormones calcitonin

thyroid hormones (2)

thyroxine (T4) tri-iodothyronine (T3)

which is active and which is reservoir out of T3 and T4

T3 is active form T4 is reservoir form

T4 is _______ into _____ once inside _____

converted T3 cell

T3 function

controls metabolic rate - increases functions of body such as heart rate and cellular rate of energy use

thyroid hormone release process

thyrotropin-releasing hormone (TRH) from hypothalamus STIMULATES thyroid-stimulating hormone (TSH) from anterior pituitary TSH stimulates thyroid glands to release thyroid hormones

how is thyroid hormone release negative feedback

when blood concentrations of thyroid hormones increase they inhibit both TSH and TRH

hypothyroidism is

too little T3/T4

hypothyroidism common in and rare in

common in dog and rare in cat

hypothyroidism clinical signs (5)

lethargy weight gain slow heart rate alopecia cold intolerance

hyperthyroidism is

too much T3/T4

hyperthyroidism common in

cats

hyperthyroidism clinical signs

weight loss polyphagia (eating alot) tachycardia polyuria and polydipsia diarrhoea...

parathyroid gland location

at top and bottom of each thyroid gland

parathyroid glands secrete

parathormone (PTH)

which hormone increases calcium

parathormone (PTH) from parathyroid

pancreas location

intestine

islets of langerhans location

pancreas

islets of langerhans secrete (2)

insulin and glucagon

insulin function

secreted in response to high blood glucose levels to decrease levels

glucagon function

secreted in response to low blood glucose to increase levels

diabetes mellitus is

increased blood glucose levels

diabetes mellitus are _______ and _______ to insulin

deficient and resistant

diabetes mellitus clinical signs

polyuria polydipsia weight loss

adrenal glands number

two

adrenal gland location

cranial end of each kidney

two parts of adrenal gland

adrenal cortex adrenal medulla

adrenal medulla produces which hormones (2)

adrenaline noradrenaline

adrenal medulla produces adrenaline which aids in

fight or flight

adrenaline has what affects on body

increase heart rate dilation of airway raise blood glucose

adrenal medulla releases adrenaline through which system

sympathetic nervous system

adrenal cortex releases which main hormone

cortisol

what is cortisol associated with

stress

what does cortisol do

increase blood glucose, speed and strength of heart

process of cortisol release

hypothalamus produces the corticotropin-releasing hormone (CRH) CRH stimulates release of adrenocorticotropic hormone (ACTH) from pituitary ACTH stimulates release of cortisol from adrenal cortex

adrenal cortex also produces ______ as well as cortisol

aldosterone

aldosterone function

acts in kidney to retain sodium and increases loss of potassium

purpose of retaining sodium and losing potassium

helps maintain correct blood volume and pressure

Addison's disease is known as

hypoadrenocorticism

addisons disease is underactive or overactive

underactive - decrease production of cortisol

addisons disease clinical signs

lethargy weakness inappetence

cushing's disease is known as

hypercortisolism

cushings disease is overactive or underactive

overactive - increased production of cortisol

cushings disease clinical signs

pot bellied appearance calcium deposits tumours in pituitary or adrenal glands PUPD lethargy skin changes high blood pressure

when sexually mature where does ova develop

follicles

after ovulation follicles become

corpus luteum

oestrogen location

developing follicle

progesterone location

corpus luteum

hypothalamus produces _________

gonadotropin-releasing hormone (GnRH)

GnRH stimulates _______

anterior pituitary

Anterior pituitary produces (2)

follicle stimulating hormone luteinising hormone

FSH stimulates

oestrogen

LH stimulates

progesterone

oestrogen function

prepare body for mating

progesterone function

prepares body for pregnancy

at sexual maturity what secretes testosterone

leydig cells