4th Principles of Medical Practice Exam (Batch 2024)

Question 1

1.In ethics of Hospice and Palliative care, which pertains to: Live as comfortably as possible?
A. Definition of hospice care
B. Definition of palliative care
C. Goal of hospice
D. Goal of palliative care

Answer 1

Goal of hospice

Question 2

2.In ethics of Hospice and Palliative care, which is Not restricted to those who are dying
A. Definition of hospice care
B. Definition of palliative care
C. Goal of hospice
D. Goal of palliative care

Answer 2

Definition of palliative care

Question 3

3.In ethics of Hospice and Palliative care, which pertains to: Improve quality of life, not hasten death
A. Definition of hospice care
B. Definition of palliative care
C. Goal of hospice
D. Goal of palliative

Answer 3

Goal of hospice

Question 4

4.In ethics of Hospice and Palliative care, which pertains to: Care when curative measures are no longer beneficial
B. Definition of hospice care
C. Definition of palliative care
D. Goal of hospice
E. Goal of palliative care

Answer 4

Definition of hospice care

Question 5

5.In ethics of Hospice and Palliative care, which is a broader model of care?
A. Definition of hospice care
B. Definition of palliative care
C. Goal of hospice
D. Goal of palliative care

Answer 5

Definition of palliative care

Question 6

6. This basic bioethical principle states that it is the physician’s obligation to give highest priority to his patient’s welfare or best interest, and provide competent health care that maximizes health benefits for the patient
   A. Principle of Non-Maleficence
   B. Principle of Beneficence
   C. Principle of Respect for Autonomy
   D. Principle of Justice

Answer 6

B. Principle of Beneficence

Question 7

7. This basic bioethical principle requires the physician to prevent or minimize harm to patients in the course of physician-patient interaction, and recommends treatment option which poses minimal or no harm to his patients.
   A. Principle of Non-Maleficence
   B. Principle of Beneficence
   C. Principle of Respect for Autonomy
   D. Principle of Justice

Answer 7

A. Principle of Non-Maleficence

Question 8

8. This basic bioethical principle requires the physician to respect the rights of patients to make independent decisions as an expression of their self-determination.
   A. Principle of Non-Maleficence
   B. Principle of Beneficence
   C. Principle of Respect for Autonomy
   D. Principle of Justice

Answer 8

C. Principle of Respect for Autonomy

Question 9

9. Persons knowing the dangers of smoking choose to smoke in public. An ordinance is passed prohibiting smoking in public. What bioethical principle is applicable in this case?
   A. Principle of Non-Maleficence
   B. Principle of Beneficence
   C. Principle of Respect for Autonomy
   D. Principle of Justice

Answer 9

A. Principle of Non-Maleficence

Question 10

10. This principle underlies Allocation and distribution of Resources, and the concept of the Right to Health Care.
    A. Principle of Non-Maleficence
    B. Principle of Beneficence
    C. Principle of Respect for Autonomy
    D. Principle of Justice

Answer 10

D. Principle of Justice

Question 11

11. This principle is the basis for Standard of Care. It reaffirms the need for competence and emphasizes risks and benefits. Thru this principle, the definitions of “negligence”, “malpractice”, “physician’s error” and “medical mistakes” are based.
    A. Principle of Non-Maleficence
    B. Principle of Beneficence
    C. Principle of Respect for Autonomy
    D. Principle of Justice

Answer 11

A. Principle of Non-Maleficence

Question 12

12. The central element in the formulation of patients’ rights.
    A. Principle of Non-Maleficence
    B. Principle of Beneficence
    C. Principle of Respect for Autonomy
    D. Principle of Justice

Answer 12

C. Principle of Respect for Autonomy

Question 13

13.Following a vehicular accident, a tracheotomy is performed to provide an airway for a seriously injured unconscious patient without waiting for his consent. What principle is applicable in this
case?
A. Principle of Non-Maleficence
B. Principle of Beneficence
C. Principle of Respect for Autonomy
D. Principle of Justice

Answer 13

B. Principle of Beneficence

Question 14

14.Following a vehicular accident, a tracheotomy is performed to provide an airway for a seriously injured unconscious patient without waiting for his consent.
A. Violation of the principle of autonomy
B. Not a violation of the principle of
autonomy
C. Not related to autonomy at all
D. A violation but not related autonomy

Answer 14

B. Not a violation of the principle of
autonomy

Question 15

15.Mr. Cruz knowing the dangers of smoking,
chooses to smoke in public. An ordinance is
passed prohibiting smoking in public.
A. Violation of the principle of autonomy
B. Not a violation of the principle of
autonomy
C. Not related to autonomy at all
D. A violation but not related autonomy

Answer 15

B. Not a violation of the principle of
autonomy

Question 16

16.Louie is about to fail in his subject and was informed that if he joins a research, he will pass.
Louie joined the research.
A. Violation of the principle of autonomy
B. Not a violation of the principle of autonomy
C. Not related to autonomy at all
D. A violation but not related autonomy

Answer 16

A. Violation of the principle of autonomy

Question 17

17.A father is asked to donate his kidney to his
only daughter with end stage renal disease.
A. Violation of the principle of autonomy
B. Not a violation of the principle of autonomy
C. Not related to autonomy at all
D. A violation but not related autonomy

Answer 17

A. Violation of the principle of autonomy

Question 18

18.This study became the basis of the Belmont
report
A. Tuskegee syphilis study (1932-1972)
B. Stanley Milgram experiment of obedience
(1963)
C. Willowbrook study (1963)
D. Tearoom Trade study (1965)

Answer 18

A. Tuskegee syphilis study (1932-1972)

Question 19

19.This study became the basis of beneficence/maleficence
A. Tuskegee syphilis study (1932-1972)
B. Stanley Milgram experiment of obedience
(1963)
C. Willowbrook study (1963)
D. Tearoom Trade study (1965)

Answer 19

B. Stanley Milgram experiment of obedience
(1963)

Question 20

20.This research involves children from a State
School of Mentally Challenged Children in New
York where children were intentionally infected
with the Hepatitis virus
A. Tuskegee syphilis study (1932-1972)
B. Stanley Milgram experiment of obedience
(1963)
C. Willowbrook study (1963)
D. Tearoom Trade study (1965)

Answer 20

C. Willowbrook study (1963)

Question 21

21.This research involves administering
incremental “electric shocks” to a study
respondent upon giving the wrong answer
A. Tuskegee syphilis study (1932-1972)
B. Stanley Milgram experiment of obedience
(1963)
C. Willowbrook study (1963)
D. Tearoom Trade study (1965)

Answer 21

B. Stanley Milgram experiment of obedience
(1963)

Question 22

22.This research involved observing men having
brief, impersonal sexual encounters with samesex
partners in public restrooms
A. Tuskegee syphilis study (1932-1972)
B. Stanley Milgram experiment of obedience
(1963)
C. Willowbrook study (1963)
D. Tearoom Trade study (1965)

Answer 22

D. Tearoom Trade study (1965)

Question 23

23.This research delved into the extent study
participants would go to perform their “duty”
even if it involved harming another person
A. Tuskegee syphilis study (1932-1972)
B. Stanley Milgram experiment of obedience
(1963)
C. Willowbrook study (1963)
D. Tearoom Trade study (1965)

Answer 23

B. Stanley Milgram experiment of obedience
(1963)

Question 24

24.This research revealed important information
about homosexuality and sexual behavior in
public places
A. Tuskegee syphilis study (1932-1972)
B. Stanley Milgram experiment of obedience
(1963)
C. Willowbrook study (1963)
D. Tearoom Trade study (1965)

Answer 24

D. Tearoom Trade study (1965)

Stanley Milgram experiment of obedience (1963) is the study
that became the basis of beneficence / maleficence.
The Milgram experiment on obedience to authority figures
was a series of social psychology experiments conducted
by Yale University psychologist Stanley Milgram.

Question 25

25.  He had the major contribution in the discovery of small pox vaccine A. Edward Jenner B. Robert Ferryman C. Walter Reed D. Richard Strong

Answer 25

A. Edward Jenner

Question 26

26.  The healthy 8-year old child deliberately injected with cowpox then with smallpox three months later. This child served as an instrument in the eventual discovery of smallpox vaccine A. Sarah Nelmes B. James Philipps C. Walter Reed D. Robert Ferryman

Answer 26

B. James Philipps

Question 27

27.  In the1900s, his study on yellow fever among Spanish immigrant workers in Cuba originated the informed consent A. Edward Jenner B. Josef Mengele C. Walter Reed D. Richard Strong

Answer 27

C. Walter Reed

Question 28

28.  The former head of the Philippine Biological Laboratory responsible for the death of 13 Bilibid Prison inmates on death row who were experimented on with cholera serum contaminated with bubonic plague A. Edward Jenner B. Josef Mengele C. Walter Reed D. Richard Strong

Answer 28

D. Richard Strong

Question 29

29.  Who was known as the “Angel of Death” who experimented on twins selected for ‘controlled’ studies where only one twin was deliberately infected with an infectious disease but both ending up being autopsied? A. Edward Jenner B. Josef Mengele C. Walter Reed D. Richard Strong

Answer 29

B. Josef Mengele

Question 30

30.  This resulted as an outcome from the trials of leading Nazi German physicians and administrators who were tried for conspiracy, war crimes, crimes against humanity and membership in criminal organization A. The Nuremberg Code B. Declaration of Helsinki C. Belmont Report D. National Ethical Guidelines

Answer 30

A. The Nuremberg Code

Question 31

31.  This expanded the ten (10) Nuremberg Principles A. Research Ethics Guidelines B. Declaration of Helsinki C. Belmont Report D. National Ethical Guidelines

Answer 31

B. Declaration of Helsinki

Question 32

32.  This includes guidance for doctors doing research on their patients. These guidelines are not present in the Nuremberg Code A. Research Ethics Guidelines B. Declaration of Helsinki C. Belmont Report D. National Ethical Guidelines

Answer 32

B. Declaration of Helsinki

Question 33

33.Protecting the clinical data of a research falls under which basic ethical principle? A. Respect for Persons B. Beneficence C. Justice D. Non-Maleficence

Answer 33

A. Respect for Persons

Question 34

34.The use of placebo in a research is allowed in which situation/s? A. When it can be compared to the gold standard B. When there is no known treatment available C. When there is an existing effective treatment for study participants D. All of the above

Answer 34

B. When there is no known treatment available

Question 35

35.  This entails that the standard of care should be the same in all countries. A. Distributive Justice B. Compensatory Justice C. Reciprocal Justice D. All of the above

Answer 35

A. Distributive Justice

Question 36

36.The doctrine of informed consent has limited direct application to children and adolescents. - True - False

Answer 36

TRUE

Question 37

37.The pediatric ethics require pediatricians to override a child’s dissent when a proposed intervention is essential to his welfare - True - False

Answer 37

TRUE

Question 38

38.Pediatrics bioethics is autonomy driven - True - False

Answer 38

FALSE

Question 39

39.A seventeen year old female can already give and informed consent - True - False

Answer 39

FALSE

Question 40

40.Brokering that involves payment promotion of altruistic donation of human cells, tissues or organs by means of advertisement or public appeal may be undertaken in accordance with domestic regulation. - True - False

Answer 40

TRUE

Question 41

41.Minors can be forced to donate donors by informed consent of their parents - True - False

Answer 41

FALSE

Question 42

42.All transplantation procedures are open for scrutiny - True - False

Answer 42

TRUE

Question 43

43.Benefits are only felt by the recipients not by the donors. True False

Answer 43

FALSE

Question 44

44.  The organization and execution of donation and transplantation activities can be published - True - False

Answer 44

TRUE

Question 45

45.  The goal of palliative care is the achievement of a longer life for patients - True - False

Answer 45

FALSE

Question 46

46.Many aspects of palliative care are also applicable earlier in the course of the illness, in conjunction with anticancer treatment - True - False

Answer 46

TRUE

Question 47

47.Palliative Care neither hastens nor postpones death - True - False

Answer 47

TRUE

Question 48

48.Radiotherapy, chemotherapy and surgery have a place in palliative care - True - False

Answer 48

TRUE

Question 49

49.Hospice Care cannot happen in the hospital - True - False

Answer 49

FALSE

Question 50

50.In Palliative Care, investigative procedures are kept to a minimum - True - False

Answer 50

TRUE

Question 51

51.For mild to moderate pain, opioids are the drug of choice - True - False

Answer 51

FALSE

Question 52

52.Parenteral feeding is preferred in palliative care when anorexia is present - True - False

Answer 52

FALSE

Question 53

53.Antibiotics are contraindicated in patients who can no longer be cured - True - False

Answer 53

FALSE

Question 54

54.Third’s solution is used for the treatment of dyspnea - True - False

Answer 54

FALSE

Question 55

55.An assent is best obtained from? A. 10 month old infant B. 6 year old boy C. 4 year old girl D. 16 year old girl

Answer 55

D. 16 year old girl

Question 56

56.  In Pediatrics Bioethics, autonomy driven framework of adult medical ethics is replaced by: A. Beneficient paternalism B. Informed Consent C. Assent D. Dissent

Answer 56

A. Beneficient paternalism

Question 57

57.  This refers to a child’s affirmative agreement to a procedure or treatment A. Dissent B. Assent C. Informed Consent D. Disagreement

Answer 57

B. Assent

Question 58

58.  Pediatrics Bioethics is unique because of the fiduciary obligation for the best interest of the child which depends on: A. Relatives B. Pediatricians C. Parents D. Grandparents

Answer 58

B. Pediatricians

Question 59

59.Capacity for informed decision making in healthcare involves which of the following? A. Ability to reason B. Ability to read C. Ability to write D. Ability to argue

Answer 59

A. Ability to reason

Question 60

60.What should physicians do when they override the dissent of a child? A. Explain the procedure to the patient child B. Apologize to the patient child C. Reason out to the patient child D. Ignore the patient child

Answer 60

B. Apologize to the patient child

Question 61

61.  Suzy, a 17-year-old girl had many sexual partners and was infected recently with a sexually transmitted disease. She begged you not to tell her parents about her illness. Choose the best decision for this scenario. A. You will not tell her parents B. You will tell her parents in secret C. You will tell her parents only after informing her D. You will tell her parents immediately

Answer 61

C. You will tell her parents only after informing her

Question 62

62.  Jess, a 14-year-old patient diagnosed to have osteosarcoma on his right leg needed an amputation, however he expressed that he would rather die than go through the procedure. A. Proceed with the procedure immediately even without his assent B. Let the parents decide themselves C. Request a family conference to discuss his diagnosis and procedure D. Ask them to transfer to another institution

Answer 62

C. Request a family conference to discuss his diagnosis and procedure

Question 63

63.  According to the WHO Guiding Principles, cells, tissues and organs may be removed from the bodies of deceased persons for the purpose of transplantation A. His daughter gave her consent for donation B. The medical director gave his consent for donation B. The common law husband gave his consent for the donation D. His best friend who was with him during the accident gave his consent

Answer 63

A. His daughter gave her consent for donation

Question 64

64.  Which is true regarding the donation of organs by living minors? A. There are narrow exceptions to donations B. They can never donate C. Parents can give their consent for donation regardless of the minors’ assent D. All of the above

Answer 64

A. There are narrow exceptions to donations

Question 65

65.  According to WHO’s guiding principles, allocation rules, defined by appropriately constituted committees should be A. Equitable and justified B. Secretive and equitable C. Justified and secretive D. None of the above

Answer 65

A. Equitable and justified

Question 66

66.A person living with schizophrenia cannot donate his organs based on which guiding principle? A. Guiding Principle 1 B. Guiding Principle 2 C. Guiding Principle 3 D. Guiding Principle 4

Answer 66

C. Guiding Principle 3

Question 67

67.Which of the guiding principles is violated when a physician determining that a potential donor has died was directly involved in an organ transplant? A. Guiding Principle 1 B. Guiding Principle 2 C. Guiding Principle 3 D. Guiding Principle 4

Answer 67

B. Guiding Principle 2

Question 68

68. Missing.

Answer 68

???

Question 69

69.Luxurious gifts to physicians and other healthcare providers involved in the transplant is a violation of which guiding principle? A. Guiding Principle 5 B. Guiding Principle 6 C. Guiding Principle 7 D. Guiding Principle 8

Answer 69

D. Guiding Principle 8

Question 70

70.This Guiding Principle pertains to Protection of donors A. Guiding Principle 7 B. Guiding Principle 8 C. Guiding Principle 9 D. Guiding Principle 10

Answer 70

D. Guiding Principle 10

Question 71

71.In all professional relationships between a physician and a patient, A. The physician’s primary concern must be to pursue scientific knowledge B. The physician does not owe the patient primary allegiance C. Care must be taken to protect the rights of both the donor and the recipient D. A prospective organ transplant offers justification for a relaxation of the usual standard of medical care for the potential donor

Answer 71

C. Care must be taken to protect the rights of both the donor and the recipient

Question 72

72.Catherine is a 10-year-old female suffering from an End-Stage Renal Disease (ESRD) and needed a kidney transplant in order to live a full life ahead. Her father, a Police Officer, and mother, a Professor in a Medical School, tried their best to get a donor for Catherine. Who among these healthy volunteers is the most suitable kidney donor for Catherine? A. A prison detainee who wishes to turn over a new leaf B. A medical student who is full of compassion C. Her 12-year old sister who loves her sibling so much D. A distant spinster relative working as househelper for their family

Answer 72

D. A distant spinster relative working as househelper for their family

Question 73

73.Which of the following statements is/are true? A. No cells, tissues or organs should be removed from the body of a living minor for the purpose of transplantation at any circumstances B. The minor’s assent should always be obtained before donation C. The transplantation guidelines applicable to minors also applies to any legally incompetent person D. All of the above

Answer 73

C. The transplantation guidelines applicable to minors also applies to any legally incompetent person

Question 74

74.In the organization and execution of donation and transplantation activities, the following are observed except A. The clinical results of the transplantation must be transparent and open to scrutiny B. The identity of the donors can be revealed to the public in the spirit of transparency C. The personal anonymity and privacy of donors must be ensured D. The identity of the recipients of the donated organs must always be protected

Answer 74

B. The identity of the donors can be revealed to the public in the spirit of transparency

Question 75

75.Lola Basyang received an organ donation from her caretaker, Seri, who refuses to receive any payment for her good deed. In return for her volunteerism, the family matriach wishes to repay Seri, but it has to be in accordance to the ethical guidelines of organ transplantation. What should Lola Basyang do? A. Lola Basyang will pay for the tuition fees of all of Seri’s broods as payment for her organ donation B. Lola Basyang will pay Seri an amount equivalent to her daily wages for the length of time she is absent from work while still recuperating C. Both A & B are true D. None of the above are correct

Answer 75

B. Lola Basyang will pay Seri an amount equivalent to her daily wages for the length of time she is absent from work while still recuperating

Question 76

76.In which of the following cases can we legally break the principle of confidentiality? A. You medically treated a public official and deemed it necessary to divulge medical facts about the case since the nation needs to know B. Patient who discloses to his doctor a plan to commit murderous acts on her relatives and neighbors C. A controversial promiscuous female superstar has AIDS and you call for a press conference to announce to the public that the patient is a dangerous woman D. You intentionally left out vital medical information about a patient’s condition to avoid depression.

Answer 76

B. Patient who discloses to his doctor a plan to commit murderous acts on her relatives and neighbors

Question 77

77.An OB-gynecologist who suspects that she may have a serious infection that might be transferred to patients should voluntarily be tested and should avoid clinical situations that may lead to transfer of infection. A. Principle of Non-Maleficence B. Principle of free and informed consent C. Principle of Respect for Autonomy D. Principle of Justice

Answer 77

A. Principle of Non-Maleficence

Question 78

78.This principle requires that all health care decisions must aim to promote human dignity, and result not only in physical health, but also satisfy the patient’s psychological, social, spiritual and cultural needs as an individual, and as member of the community he belongs. A. Principle of human dignity B. Principle of Totality C. Principle of Stewardship D. Principle of Double effect

Answer 78

A. Principle of human dignity

Question 79

79.  This principle requires that all persons should develop, use, care for and preserve all his physical functions in such a way that lower functions are never sacrificed, except for the better functioning of the whole person, or to preserve life A. Principle of Totality B. Principle of a well-formed conscience C. Principle of human dignity D. Principle of professional communication

Answer 79

A. Principle of Totality

Question 80

80.  This principle refers to actions which may have both good and bad effects, but the good effect is the primary outcome intended for the act, while the bad effect is just an inevitable, unintended, secondary outcome or effect. A. Principle of human dignity B. Principle of a well formed conscience C. Principle of free and informed consent D. Principle of Double effect

Answer 80

D. Principle of Double effect

Question 81

81.  This principle states that health professionals have ethical responsibilities to use intelligence and available technology to prevent and cure diseases A. Principle of Stewardship B. Principle of a well formed conscience C. Principle of human dignity D. Principle of professional communication

Answer 81

A. Principle of Stewardship

Question 82

82.  In cases of incompetent patients who cannot provide consent, who among the following shall be the appointed proxy decision-maker? A. Spouse B. Legal guardian C. Parents D. All of the above

Answer 82

D. All of the above

Question 83

83.A physician intervenes on behalf of saving a suicidal patient's life or placing the patient in a protective environment, in the belief that the patient is compromised and cannot act in his own best interest at the moment. A. Principle of Non-Maleficence B. Principle of Beneficence C. Principle of Respect for Autonomy D. Principle of Justice

Answer 83

B. Principle of Beneficence

Question 84

84.OB-gynecologists should offer or arrange for further opinion and/or ongoing care with another suitable physician if therapy required is beyond the individual OB GYN’s expertise or experience. A. Principle of Non-Maleficence B. Principle of free and informed consent C. Principle of Respect for Autonomy D. Principle of Justice

Answer 84

A. Principle of Non-Maleficence

Question 85

85.A terminally ill patient diagnosed with stage 4 cervical cancer, and end stage renal failure due to cancer complications, has refused chemotherapy, after being thoroughly informed about the pros and cons of treatment. A. Principle of Non-Maleficence B. Principle of Beneficence C. Principle of Respect for Autonomy D. Principle of Justice

Answer 85

C. Principle of Respect for Autonomy

Question 86

86.An ER doctor does some emergency treatment for a patient who is massively bleeding due to a vehicular accident, despite recognizing the patient as the prime suspect in a recent multiple murder case. A. Principle of Non-Maleficence B. Principle of Beneficence C. Principle of Respect for Autonomy D. Principle of Justice

Answer 86

B. Principle of Beneficence

Question 87

87.A General Practitioner humbly refers or transfers his patient under the care of a medical specialist, after conceding that he is not well-trained to competently perform an important surgical procedure A. Principle of Non-Maleficence B. Principle of Beneficence C. Principle of Respect for Autonomy D. Principle of Justice

Answer 87

A. Principle of Non-Maleficence

Question 88

88.A doctor discloses all relevant information about a patient’s disease or medical condition, including a bad prognosis, and cost of treatment A. Principle of Non-Maleficence B. Principle of Beneficence C. Principle of Respect for Autonomy D. Principle of Justice

Answer 88

C. Principle of Respect for Autonomy

Question 89

89.A doctor chooses to grant priority kidney transplant to a young female patient who urgently needs renal transplant due to end stage renal disease secondary to an immunological condition, over an 85 year old woman, diagnosed with stage 4 kidney cancer with metastases to the brain, bedridden, and waiting for renal transplant for the past 3 years. A. Principle of Non-Maleficence B. Principle of Beneficence C. Principle of Respect for Autonomy D. Principle of Justice

Answer 89

D. Principle of Justice

Question 90

90.An obstetrician-oncologist performs a radical hysterectomy on a pregnant patient G4P3 (3003), 16 weeks AOG, diagnosed with stage 2a cervical cancer, after fully explaining to the patient that a radical hysterectomy is the best mode of management for early stage cervical cancer. A. Principle of Human Dignity B. Principle of a Confidentiality C. Principle of Totality D. Principle of Double Effect

Answer 90

D. Principle of Double Effect

Question 91

91.A doctor acknowledges a patient’s refusal to undergo life saving blood transfusion because of religion (Jehovah’s witness) A. Principle of human dignity B. Principle of a well formed conscience C. Principle of totality D. Principle of confidentiality

Answer 91

A. Principle of human dignity

Question 92

92.A newborn needs blood transfusion as a life-saving measure. The Pediatrician informs the mother only as the father abandoned both mother and child. It so happened that the mother is a Jehovah’s Witness! She absolutely refuses blood transfusion of any form. If you were the Pediatrician what would you do? A. Look for other relatives willing to sign the consent. B. Just go ahead with the transfusion without the mother’s knowledge as it is life-saving. C. Respect the religious background of the mother. If she refuses despite full disclosure of consequences and complications she still has the final say. Have her sign a waiver then D. None of the above

Answer 92

C. Respect the religious background of the mother. If she refuses despite full disclosure of consequences and complications she still has the final say. Have her sign a waiver then

Question 93

93.An OB gynecologist decides to do emergency hysterectomy for an atonic uterus that caused massive postpartum bleeding, despite exhausting all medical management. A. Principle of human dignity B. Principle of a well formed conscience C. Principle of totality D. Principle of confidentiality

Answer 93

C. Principle of totality

Question 94

94.Pregnant women or women of reproductive age should be competent to make decisions about risks for potential teratogenicity, whether to participate in a clinical drug trial or not, after a thorough disclosure and explanation by the physician or research investigator. A. Principle of beneficence B. Principle of double effect C. Principle of free and informed consent D. Principle of totality

Answer 94

C. Principle of free and informed consent

Question 95

95.Women have the right to make choices about whether or not to reproduce. The husband’s consent is not necessary in the decision-making, but for family harmony, the husband’s opinion is taken into consideration A. Principle of Non-Maleficence B. Principle of Beneficence C. Principle of Respect for Autonomy D. Principle of Justice

Answer 95

C. Principle of Respect for Autonomy

Question 96

96.An 82-year old woman presents with a palpable breast mass. Biopsy reveals breast cancer. The patient is seen by a surgeon who tells her that she needs surgery, hands her a consent form, asks her to read and sign it, and leaves the examination room. The surgeon’s resident returns later to retrieve the signed form. What bioethical principle was violated in this case? A. Respect for patient Autonomy B. Beneficence C. Justice D. Non-maleficence

Answer 96

A. Respect for patient Autonomy

Question 97

97.Case: An 72-year old woman with metastatic colon cancer enrolls in a hospice program. She has an implantable cardioverter-defibrillator (ICD) for ventricular arrhythmia. While in hospice care, she asks her cardiologist to turn off the ICD Question: The patient exercised her right for respect for patients’ Autonomy - True - False

Answer 97

TRUE

Question 98

98.Case: An 72-year old woman with metastatic colon cancer enrolls in a hospice program. She has an implantable cardioverter-defibrillator (ICD) for ventricular arrhythmia. While in hospice care, she asks her cardiologist to turn off the ICD Question: The clinician should continue the ICD for it can save the patients life - True - False

Answer 98

FALSE

Question 99

99.Case: An 72-year old woman with metastatic colon cancer enrolls in a hospice program. She has an implantable cardioverter-defibrillator (ICD) for ventricular arrhythmia. While in hospice care, she asks her cardiologist to turn off the ICD Question: The ethical principle of autonomy underlies the right to refuse, or request the withdrawal of, unwanted medical interventions - True - False

Answer 99

TRUE

Question 100

100.Case: An 72-year old woman with metastatic colon cancer enrolls in a hospice program. She has an implantable cardioverter-defibrillator (ICD) for ventricular arrhythmia. While in hospice care, she asks her cardiologist to turn off the ICD Question: If a clinician begins or continues an intervention that a patient has refused, legally the clinician is committing battery, regardless of intent - True - False

Answer 100

TRUE

Question 101

101.Case: An 72-year old woman with metastatic colon cancer enrolls in a hospice program. She has an implantable cardioverter-defibrillator (ICD) for ventricular arrhythmia. While in hospice care, she asks her cardiologist to turn off the ICD Question: Granting a patients refusal of, or request to withdraw, a medical intervention is the same as physician-assisted suicide (PAS) or euthanasia - True - False

Answer 101

FALSE

Question 102

102.BONUS: What is the name of the cow from which a milkmaid named Sarah Nelmes caught cowpox?

Answer 102

Blossom