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PMP LE3 (2025) Flashcards

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1
Q
  1. In the 11th century, Avicenna wrote this book on medicaments that continued to serve for 500 years
    A. “Canon on Medicine”
    B. “De Materia Medica”
    C. Pen T’sao
    D. Treatise on Poisons
A

A. “Canon on Medicine”

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2
Q
  1. This is the long reputed very ancient great Chinese herbal that included over a hundred medicinal vegetables and other remedies
    A. “Canon on Medicine”
    B. “De Materia Medica”
    C. Pen T’sao
    D. Treatise on Poisons
A

C. Pen T’sao

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3
Q
  1. An Arabic alchemist who whose works include a systematic treatise on poisons
    A. Avicenna
    B. Dioscorides
    C. Ibn Sina
    D. Jabir ibn Hayyan
A

D. Jabir ibn Hayyan

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4
Q
  1. Which of the following is TRUE of Galen of Pergamum
    A. Brilliant diagnostician
    B. Canon on Medicine
    C. Produced the “De Materia Medica”
    D. Used mineral and metallic remedies
A

A. Brilliant diagnostician

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5
Q
  1. It acts on the neuromuscular junction causing paralysis.
    A. Aspirin
    B. Curare
    C. Ether
    D. Quinine
A

B. Curare

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6
Q
  1. Hippocratic medicine is said to be the foundation of scientific medicine. Diagnosis was done mainly through inspection of:
    A. Blood
    B. Phlegm
    C. Stool
    D. Urine
A

C. Stool

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7
Q
  1. The practice ancient to Hindu medicine that used mainly plant sources:
    A. Alternative medicine
    B. Ayurvedic medicine
    C. Brahman medicine
    D. Homeopathic medicine
A

B. Ayurvedic medicine

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8
Q

8.The discovery of which of the following advanced the field of surgery:
A. Antibiotics
B. Curare
C. Ether
D. Quinine

A

C. Ether

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9
Q
  1. The first randomized controlled clinical trial (London, 1946) was:
    A. Aspirin for myocardial infarction treatment
    B. Penicillin for the treatment of Streptococcal pharyngitis
    C. Streptomycin for the treatment of TB
    D. Vincristine for cancer treatment
A

C. Streptomycin for the treatment of TB

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10
Q
  1. Among the first to distinguish the functions of arteries and veins and believed that arteries contained air or “pneuma” instead of blood
    A. Galen
    B. Herophilus
    C. Hippocrates
    D. Praxagoras
A

D. Praxagoras

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11
Q
  1. Which of the following remedy is NOT of Opium?
    A. Cough
    B. Diarrhea
    C. Pain
    D. Sleeplessness
A

A. Cough

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12
Q
  1. Which of the following is NOT a derivative of Opium (from the poppy seed)?
    A. Aspirin
    B. Codeine
    C. Heroin
    D. Morphine
A

A. Aspirin

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13
Q
  1. Recognized the importance of physiology and chemistry as basic knowledge in modern medicine:
    A. Claude Bernard
    B. Roy Porter
    C. William Osler
    D. William Perkin
A

C. William Osler

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14
Q
  1. He attempted to manufacture quinine but instead discovered the world’s first synthetic dye in the 1800s
    A. Claude Bernard
    B. Roy Porter
    C. William Osler
    D. William Perkin
A

D. William Perkin

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15
Q
  1. Discovered Arsphenamine as a drug for syphilis:
    A. Edward Jenner
    B. Lemuel Shattuck
    C. Paul Ehrlich
    D. Roberto Koch
A

C. Paul Ehrlich

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16
Q
  1. This drug was discovered in 1910 and was regarded as the first chemotherapeutic synthetic drug described to be as a “magic bullet”
    A. Aspirin
    B. Codeine
    C. Opium 3
    D. Salvarsan
A

D. Salvarsan

arsphenamine/ compound 606

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17
Q
  1. This drug was popularly used as a sedative in the 1950s but was discovered to cause congenital malformations including phocomelia
    A. Aminopterin
    B. Arsphenamine
    C. Doxorubicin
    D. Thalidomide
A

D. Thalidomide

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18
Q
  1. What was used to treat high blood pressure in ancient Indian medicine?
    A. Cinchona
    B. Foxglove
    C. Poppy seed
    D. Snakeroot
A

D. Snakeroot

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19
Q
  1. Who was the 16th century radical Renaissance physician who questioned the traditional practice of medicine and introduced chemical remedies produced through experiments?
    A. Avicenna
    B. Celsus
    C. Paracelsus
    D. Pierre Louis
A

C. Paracelsus

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20
Q
  1. Elaborate rituals concerning hygiene, cleanliness against defiling pollution.
    A. Christians
    B. Jehovah’s Witness
    C. Judaism
    D. Tribal Medicine
A

C. Judaism

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21
Q
  1. Rejected smallpox and vaccinations
    A. Calvinists
    B. Jehovah’s Witness
    C. Judaism
    D. Tribal Medicine
A

A. Calvinists

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22
Q
  1. Denied germ theory and refused blood transfusions.
    A. Calvinists
    B. Jehovah’s Witness
    C. Judaism
    D. Tribal Medicine
A

B. Jehovah’s Witness

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23
Q
  1. Identify the concept: Body is separate from the mind (theology, morality, etc)
    A. 17th - 18th century
    B. 19th century
    C. 20th century
    D. 21st century
A

A. 17th - 18th century

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24
Q
  1. Controversy raged over the value of disease classification, or nosology
    A. 18th century
    B. 19th century
    C. 20th century
    D. 21st century
A

A. 18th century

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25
25. Identify the concept: Body is separate from the mind (theology, morality, etc) A. 17th - 18th century B. 19th century C. 20th century D. 21st century
A. 17th - 18th century
26
26. Identify the concept: Molecular biology started during this period A. 17th - 18th century B. 19th century C. 20th century D. 21st century
C. 20th century
27
27. Which of the following diseases in the 18th century is NOT included? A. Cholera B. HIV C. Small pox D. Typhus
B. HIV
28
28. For every sickness there is usually an inflamed organ, an obstruction or pathogen A. 17th - 18th century B. 19th century C. 20th century D. 21st century
A. 17th - 18th century
29
29. Progress in biochemistry, endocrinology and neurology A.17th - 18th century B.19th century C.20th century D.21st century
C. 20th century
30
30. Identify the associated concept: "Triggered by pathogen" A. Disease B. Illness C. Both D. None of the above
A. Disease
31
31. Identify the associated concept: "Triggered by pathogen" A. Disease B. Illness C. Both D. None of the above
A. Disease
32
32. Identify the associated concept: "Seen as symptoms" A. Disease B. Illness C. Both D. None of the above
A. Disease
33
33. Identify the associated concept: "Objective findings" A. Disease B. Illness C. Both D. None of the above
A. Disease
34
34. Identify the associated concept: "Subjective findings" A. Disease B. Illness C. Both D. None of the above
B. Illness
35
35. Medical View of Illness: Sickness was of the body, and that the body formed part of the comprehensive economy of Nature. A. Condition of Early Greece B. Graeco Roman Medicine C. Hippocratic Tradition D. Humours
C. Hippocratic Tradition
36
36. Medical View of Illness: No state privileges or legal safeguards for the medical art. A. Condition of Early Greece B. Graeco Roman Medicine C. Hippocratic Tradition D. Humours
A. Condition of Early Greece
37
37. Medical View of Illness: It was secular and naturalistic A. Condition of Early Greece B. Graeco Roman Medicine C. Hippocratic Tradition D. Humours
B. Graeco Roman Medicine
38
38. Medical View of Illness: Those fluid whose equilibrium was vital for life. A. Condition of Early Greece B. Graeco Roman Medicine C. Hippocratic Tradition D. Humours
D. Humours
39
39. This ethical principle involves treating a patient according to the patient’s desires within the bounds of accepted treatment. A. Patient autonomy B. Non-maleficence C. Beneficence D. justice
A. Patient autonomy
40
40. This principle may justify restrictions on patient autonomy A. Principle of informed consent B. Harm principle C. Principle of social justice D. Principle of respect for persons
B. Harm principle
41
41. Medical triage is based on the principle of A. Patient autonomy B. Non-maleficence C. Beneficence D. Justice E. Utility
D. Justice
42
42. What is required from us when applying the principle of beneficence? A. determine the patient’s views of what does and does not count as harms to be avoided B. Determine the patient’s views of what does and does not count as goods to be pursued C. stop an individual whose autonomy is restricted or violated from causing harm to others D. determine the wishes of the patient in order to protect his or her autonomy
B. Determine the patient’s views of what does and does not count as goods to be pursued
43
43. The DOH is planning to roll out PCV vaccination as part of the Expanded Program of Immunization (EPI). Health technology assessment (HTA) by the DOH HTA committee has determined the PCV10 (which prevents 10 strains of pneumonia) is cheaper and can prevent most cases of pneumonia in children. PCV13, although can prevent 13 strains of pneumonia, is much more costly and can be administered to less children. Choosing PCV10 conforms to the principle of A. Patient autonomy B. Non-maleficence C. Beneficence D. Justice E. Utility
D. Justice
44
44. The least controversial treatment is one that A. accords with the interest of the patient B. is consistent with the highest standard and most expensive care within the profession C. is agreed to by the relatives and main family decision maker D. satisfies either principle of non-maleficence and beneficence
A. accords with the interest of the patient
45
45. What happens if NOT all the conditions necessary to consider “the least controversial treatment “are met? A. When there is a conflict between the two principles, the principle of beneficence trumps the principle of non-maleficence. B. When there is a conflict between the two principles, the principle of non-maleficence trumps the principle of beneficence. C. When the doctor offers a treatment and recommends it, the medical practitioner’s offer of treatment trumps the patient’s informed decision against treatment D. When the doctor offers a treatment and recommends it, the principle of beneficence trumps the patient’s informed decision.
B. When there is a conflict between the two principles, the principle of non-maleficence trumps the principle of beneficence.
46
46. When a procedure has both harmful and beneficial outcomes, a treatment that is likely to bring significant benefit with only small risk of limited harm is A. obligatory (within the limits of informed consent) B. obligatory not to offer C. optional D. optional not to offer
A. obligatory (within the limits of informed consent)
47
47. When a procedure has both harmful and beneficial outcomes, a treatment that is most likely to bring about significant harm with only small chance significant benefit, is A. obligatory (within the limits of informed consent) B. obligatory not to offer C. optional D. optional not to offer
D. optional not to offer
48
48. When a procedure has both harmful and beneficial outcomes, a treatment that is not likely to produce significantly more benefit than harm is A. obligatory (within the limits of informed consent) B. obligatory not to offer C. optional D.optional not to offer
D. optional not to offer
49
49. Which of the following are OBLIGATORY TREATMENTS? A. Preserving life B. Withdrawing treatment C. Withholding nutrition and hydration D. Extraordinary treatment
A. Preserving life
50
50. Should you encourage relatives to consent to BKA? A. Yes, because the principle of beneficence apply (BKA is lifesaving) B. Yes, because the principle of non-maleficence apply (not doing BKA will do more harm C. No, because the principle of patient autonomy will be violated (we must respect patient’s expressed wishes) D. No, because the principle of social justice will be violated (patient who does not want treatment will get the bed of a patient who wants treatment
B. Yes, because the principle of non-maleficence apply (not doing BKA will do more harm
51
51. D.M.F’s relatives insisted that he undergo BKA (below knee amputation). Which of the following will be violated with this? A. Patient autonomy B. Non-maleficence C. Beneficence D. justice
A. Patient autonomy
52
52. During the COVID-19 pandemic, the institution of mandatory lockdown to prevent the spread of coronavirus applies the principle of A. Patient autonomy B. Non-maleficence C. Beneficence D. Social justice
D. Social justice
53
53. Which of the following principles will you violate if you follow your senior resident’s instructions? A. Patient autonomy B. Non-maleficence C. Beneficence D. Justice E. Utility
D. Justice
54
54. A man with COVID-19 stays in a small hut with his 7 kids and wife. After spending 2 days in the hospital, he feels better, requests discharge, and promises follow up. In this scenario, what are the competing principles? A. Non-maleficence vs beneficence B. Autonomy vs beneficence C. Social Justice vs autonomy D. Social Justice vs beneficence
B. Autonomy vs beneficence
55
55. Jehovah's Witnesses are allowed to reject lifesaving blood transfusions for themselves, and many do so. But can parents refuse necessary transfusions for their minor offspring? A. Yes, because of religious exemptions B. No, because parents are not free to make martyrs of their children C. I don’t know, its difficult to decide D. Sometimes, depending on the degree of anemia
A. Yes, because of religious exemptions
56
56. As a physician, by delivering competent and timely delivery of health care adheres to the principle of A. Patient autonomy B. Non-maleficence C. Beneficence D. Justice E. Utility
E. Utility
57
57. The Data Privacy Act is especially important in health care. This law follows which of the following principles A. Patient autonomy B. Non-maleficence C. Beneficence D. Justice E. Utility
A. Patient autonomy
58
58. Rodrigo was admitted for terminal lung cancer. They are unable to wean him already from the ventilator. He is obtunded and already has a poor quality of life. The medical oncologist decided to offer stem cell therapy to Rodrigo’s relatives. Which of the following principles is being violated here? A. Patient autonomy B. Non-maleficence C. Beneficence D. Justice E. Utility
E. Utility
59
59. Which group of patient/s should consult a healthcare provider or authorized TM/CAM practitioner before using any TM/CAM therapy? A. Pregnant/Lactating B. Children C. Elderly D. All of the above
D. All of the above
60
60. Which is TRUE is describing TM/CAM therapies? A. There is no potential contribution to better health care system B. They have more adverse events compared to conventional medicines (pharmacotherapy) C. Widely used due to increasing cases of chronic and debilitating diseases for which there is no cure D. They are not supported by empirical evidence on safety and effectiveness
C. Widely used due to increasing cases of chronic and debilitating diseases for which there is no cure
61
61. Naprapathy is a system of treatment that involves A. manipulation of connective tissue and adjoining structures B. spinal structure and its function as coordinated by the nervous system C. application of heat D. myofascial release and manipulation of muscle tissue and bones
D. myofascial release and manipulation of muscle tissue and bones
62
62. This is a CAM-based therapy that involves pricking the skin or tissues with needles to alleviate pain or treat various physical, mental and emotional conditions A. Chiropractic medicine B. Acupuncture C. Naprapathy D. Osteopathy
C. Naprapathy
63
63. Widely used Philippine medicinal plant to reduce blood cholesterol levels A. Vitex negundo B. Allium sativum C. Psidium guajava D. Momordica charantia
B. Allium sativum Bawang/Garlic
64
64. Risks associated with Traditional Medicine and Alternative Medicine EXCEPT: A. Unqualified practitioners B. Exposure to misleading information C. No policies and strategies for regulation and control D. Use of poor, adulterated and fake products
C. No policies and strategies for regulation and control
65
65. This refers to a broad set of health-care practices that are not part of a country’s own tradition and not integrated into the dominant health care system. A. Traditional medicine (TM) B. Conventional medicine C. Complementary and Alternative medicine (CAM) D. Western medicine
C. Complementary and Alternative medicine (CAM)
66
66. Entails the use and prescription of TM/CAM in conjunction with conventional medicine due to cultural/historical influence A. Selective utilization B. Dual utilization pattern C. Primary source D. None of the above
C. Primary source
67
67. Area of medicine focused on the diagnosis and treatment of neuromuscular disorders with emphasis on manual adjustment and manipulation of the spine A. Ayurvedic medicine B. Chiropractic medicine C. Homeopathic medicine D. Allopathic medicine
B. Chiropractic medicine
68
68. The following are reasons for use of Traditional and Complementary medicine EXCEPT ONE: A. Controlled by political and religious sectors B. As complementary treatment C. Primary source of health care in some areas D. For historical and cultural influences
A. Controlled by political and religious sectors
69
69. A medical therapy based on the belief that the body can cure itself, and with 3 main agents- patient, physician and medication. A. Ayurveda B. Osteopathy C. Naturopathy D. Homeopathy
D. Homeopathy
70
70. This includes diverse health practices, approaches, knowledge and beliefs incorporating plant-, animal- and/or mineral-based medicines, spiritual therapies, manual techniques and exercises to maintain well-being, as well as to treat, diagnose or prevent illness A. Holistic medicine B. Traditional medicine (TM) C. Conventional medicine D. Complementary and Alternative medicine (CAM)
B. Traditional medicine (TM)
71
71. Folk medicine who uses potassium alum to determine the cause of illness A. Albularyo B. Faith healer C. Mangtatawas D. Manghihilot
C. Mangtatawas
72
72. Organized in 1992 by the Department of Health (DOH), this is a program of government aiming to promote and advocate traditional medicine nationwide. A. National Institute of Complementary and Alternative Medicine B. National Council for Complementary, Traditional and Alternative Care C. Philippine Integration of Traditional, Alternative and Complementary Medicine D. Philippine Institute of Traditional and Alternative Health Care
D. Philippine Institute of Traditional and Alternative Health Care
73
73. Which of the following is NOT TRUE in posology of TM/CAM medical therapies? A. Know how the medicine was prepared (infusion, decoction) B. Know the length of time to take the medicine C. Know the correct time to take the medicine (morning, mid-day, evening) D. Know the how to take the medicine (hot/cold drink, with or without food)
A. Know how the medicine was prepared (infusion, decoction)
74
74. Which Philippine medicinal plant is being given for arthritis or gout? A. Ulasimang bato B. Akapulko C. Tsaang Gubat D. Niyog-niyogan
A. Ulasimang bato Pansit-pansitan Peperomia pellucida Linn.
75
75. The basis for the finished herbal products which include comminuted or powdered materials, extracts, tinctures and fatty oils A. Herbal materials B. Herbal preparations C. Herbs D. All of the above
D. All of the above
76
76. Advantages of TM/CAM include all of the following EXCEPT one: A. Availability and affordability in many parts of the world B. Uniqueness and unconventional nature of certain therapies or procedures C. Widespread acceptance in low- and middle-income countries D. Diversity and flexibility
B. Uniqueness and unconventional nature of certain therapies or procedures
77
77. One of the following statements is TRUE concerning potent/toxic TM/CAM medication therapies: A. To decrease the potency or toxicity of certain medicines, some medicines are processed before use. B. All TM/CAM practitioners have the legal right to prescribe such toxic medicines C. Prescription is not required for use of these potent drugs D. Processing of these potent/toxic TM/CAM is not related to the toxicity or harm it causes
C. Prescription is not required for use of these potent drugs
78
78. Therapy includes venesection, cupping, promoting diuresis and diaphoresis, purging and leeching A. Homeopathy B. Ayurvedic medicine C. Unani medicine D. Naturopathy
B. Ayurvedic medicine
79
79. He determines cause and nature of illness through potassium alum aka tawas, candles, eggs, mirrors, plain paper A. Albularyo B. Psychic healer C. Magtatawas D. Manghihilot E. Faith healer
C. Magtatawas
80
80. He treats sprain, fracture with the influence of amulets or canes A. Albularyo B. Psychic healer C. Magtatawas D. Manghihilot E. Faith healer
D. Manghihilot
81
81. Spiritist groups or a person who was saved from an illness and encountered epiphanies that is convinced to help sick people after receiving healing powers A. Albularyo B. Psychic healer C. Magtatawas D. Manghihilot E. Faith healer
E. Faith healer
82
82. He uses medicinal herbs, oration or whisper prayers A. Albularyo B. Psychic healer C. Magtatawas D. Manghihilot E. Faith healer
A. Albularyo
83
83. Also called anoints (saliva) A. Albularyo B. Psychic healer C. Magtatawas D. Manghihilot E. Faith healer
E. Faith healer
84
84. Quinine A. Sweet Worm wood B. Cathantus roseus C. Cinchona tree D. Leeches E. Taxus brevifolia
C. Cinchona tree Anti-Malarial
85
85. Artemisin A. Sweet Worm wood B. Cathantus roseus C. Cinchona tree D. Leeches E. Taxus brevifolia
A. Sweet Worm wood Anti-coagulant
86
86. Artemisin A. Sweet Worm wood B. Cathantus roseus C. Cinchona tree D. Leeches E. Taxus brevifolia
A. Sweet Worm wood Anti-Malarial
87
87. Taxol A. Sweet Worm wood B. Cathantus roseus C. Cinchona tree D. Leeches E. Taxus brevifolia
E. Taxus brevifolia
88
88. Vincristine A. Sweet Worm wood B. Cathantus roseus C. Cinchona tree D. Leeches E. Taxus brevifolia
B. Cathantus roseus Rosy Periwinkle: Cathantus roseus Anti-Cancer
89
89. Hirudin A. Sweet Worm wood B. Cathantus roseus C. Cinchona tree D. Leeches E. Taxus brevifolia
D. Leeches Anti-coagulant
90
90. Cassia alata A. Cough B. Toothache C. Scabies D. Diarrhea E. Helminthic infection
C. Scabies Akapulko/Ringworm Bush
91
91. Psidium guava A. Cough B. Toothache C. Scabies D. Diarrhea E. Helminthic infection
D. Diarrhea Bayabas/Guava Antiseptic, astringent & antihelminthic Anti-genotoxic
92
92. Allium saliva A. Cough B. Toothache C. Scabies D. Diarrhea E. Helminthic infection
B. Toothache Bawang/Garlic Lowers bad cholesterol
93
93. Vitex Negundo A. Cough B. Toothache C. Scabies D. Diarrhea E. Helminthic infection
A. Cough
94
94. Vitex Negundo A. cough B. Toothache C. Scabies D. Diarrhea E. Helminthic infection
A. Cough
95
95. Quisqualis indica A. Cough B. Toothache C. Scabies D. Diarrhea E. Helminthic infection
E. Helminthic infection Nivog-niyogan/ Rangoon Creep
96
96. Complimentary Medicine is the sum total of the knowledge, skill, and practices based on the theories, beliefs, and experiences indigenous to different cultures, whether explicable or not, used in the maintenance of health as well as in the prevention, diagnosis, improvement or treatment of physical and mental illness. A. True B. False
A. True
97
97. Alternative medicine refer to a broad set of health care practices that are not part of that country’s own tradition or conventional medicine and are not fully integrated into the dominant health-care system. A. True B. False
A. True
98
98. Herbal medicine are herbs, herbal materials, herbal preparations and finished herbal products, that contain as active ingredients parts of plants, or other plant materials, or combinations. A. True B. False
A. True
99
99. The Philippine Institute of Traditional and Alternative Health Care (PITAHC) advocates for the development and therapeutic use of traditional and alternative healthcare in all kinds of patients in the country. A. True B. False
B. False
100
100. Unani pharmacotherapy uses naturally occurring medicines, mostly herbal medicines, and those of animal and mineral origin. Single medicines or their combination in raw form are preferred over compound formulations. A. True B. False
A. True
101
2. Identify the concept: Development of biomedical science A. 17th - 18th century B. 19th century C. 20th century D. 21st Century
19th century
102
3. Identify the concept: Molecular biology started during this period A. 17th - 18th century B. 19th century C. 20th century D. 21st Century
20th century
103
24.Who did the first clinical trial (on Scurvy treatment)? A. Pierre Louis B. Alexander Fleming C. James Lind D. William Osler
James Lind
104
27.Which statement is True about the drugs used in the 20th Century? A. Penicillin was discovered by Alexander Graham B. Anti-malarial vaccine was readily available that time C. Salvarsan is an arsenic-based compound D. The first effective treatment for syphilis is aspirin
Penicillin was discovered by Alexander Graham
105
Brilliant diagnostician; focused on individual patients. Most influential medical writer for many centuries
Galen of Pergamum
106
16th century radical Renaissance physician who questioned traditional practice of medicine
Paracelsus
107
hundreds of vegetable and other remedies
Pen T'sao -
108
Produced five-volume herbal "De Materia Medica"
Dioscorides -
109
29. He is the one who deduced that a specific disease is caused by a particular microbe. A. John Snow B. Lemuel Shattuck C. Alexander Fleming D. Robert Koch
Robert Koch
110
30. One of the highlights during the 18th Century was the discovery and understanding of the principles of Vaccination by: A. Alexander Fleming B. Edward Jenner C. John Snow D. Richard Norton
Edward Jenner
111
32. Which of the following chemotherapeutic agents used in the treatment of cancer was originally derived from traditional medicine? A. Vincristine B. Cytarabine C. Doxorubicin D. Teniposide E. Cromoglycate
Vincristine

PMP (8 decks)

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