4th Qtr EXAM Flashcards
a mixture of Jurchen, Mongolian, and
Tungustic who settled in the Northeast of China. Han
Chinese considered them as barbarians.
Manchus -
They forced the Chinese men to wear the Manchu
pigtails, called
queue.
was only 14 years old when he
took over the government in 1661 and ruled for 60 years.
He issued a decree on trade restrictions and prohibited
the free propagation of Christianity and closed all ports
to foreign trade except Macao.
Emperor Kangshi -
- center of Trade
Canton
- Chinese merchant guild that acts as
intermediaries.
Cohongs
- kneeling in front of the emperor and
touching their heads to the ground nine times.
Kowtow
Great Britain was not allowed to trade in Canton.
Emperos Chein Lung
who refused to kowtow to the
emperor was denied of the king’s request.
Lord George Macartney
- The treaty that ended the first
Opium War, the first of the unequal treaties between
China and foreign imperialist powers.
Treaty of Nanking
Hong Hsiu-chuan, claimed a divine mission to establish
a new dynasty, called the
“Taiping Tienkuo” (heavenly
kingdom of great peace)
● Great Britain took over the port of Canton after
the 1st opium war.
● China found out that Great Britain was
smuggling opium in their ships.
● France joined the war between Great Britain and
China.
● The implementation of the Open Door Policy
● The uprising of the northern Chinese group - the
Boxer Rebellion
The SECOND Opium War (1792)
- Granted foreigners the right to
reside in Peking and to travel to any part of China.
Christianity was tolerated in the empire and the opium
trade was legalized.
Treaty of Tientsin
This policy protected American
trading rights in China, while China in turn was
sheltered from colonization.
Open Door Policy -
- was an anti-imperialist movement
that sought to expel foreigners from China and end
the system of foreign concessions and treaty ports.
Boxer Rebellion
organized his Hundred Days
Reforms. He was arrested and executed which forced the
frustrated Chinese to organize a secret society.
Emperor Guangzhou
- the
boxer’s secret society
Yihequan (“Righteous and Harmonious Fists”)
Boxer Protocol
● China paid an indemnity of 450 milliontaels to
come from customs duty and salt tax.
● The officials involved with the Boxers were
executed.
● Foreign troops were allowed to be stationed in
the capital and along the railways.
● Civil Service examination was suspended.
- A revolutionary
alliance in China that overthrew the last emperor of the
Qing dynasty founded by Sun Yat-sen. (Oct 1919)
Kuomintang (Nationalist Party)
He is known as “the father of the Chinese Republic”
He became the first president of the Republic of China
Sun Yat-sen. (Oct 1919)
‘The Three Principles of the People’
A. Nationalism -
B. Democracy -
C. Livelihood -
Chinese students
demonstrated in Tiananmen square shouting “Down with
the European Imperialist!” “Boycott Japan!”
May Fourth Movement -
The Kuomintang attacked
and killed the Communist group in Shanghai.
Shanghai Massacre -
-He
became the head of the
Kuomintang after the death of
Sun Yat-Sen (1925).
-became
the first president of the
Nationalist Republic of
China. (1928)
However, his government
became less democratic
and more corrupt.
Chiang Kai-Shek -
served as
chairman of the People’s
Republic of China from 1949
to 1959 and led the Chinese
Communist Party from 1935
until his death (1976).
- recruited
people andgot support from
the peasants through
granting them lands.
(1927)
Mao Tse-tung
