(5) brain structure Flashcards by Kayla Morse

amygdala - functions

fear-processing
emotion processing
learning
fight or flight
reward-processing

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amygdala - damage

aggression
irritability
loss of emotional control
disruption in short term memory
deficits in recognizing emotion

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basal ganglia - functions

movement regulation
skill learning
habit formation
reward systems

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basal ganglia - damage

tremors
involuntary movement
abnormal increase in muscle tone
difficultly initiating movement
abnormal posture

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brain stem - functions

homeostasis
alertness
sleep
balance
startle respone

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brain stem - damage

organ failure sleep disorders (insomnia)

difficulties balancing & moving

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brain stem - parts

medulla oblongata
midbrain
pons

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broca’s area - functions

langauge production (speech)
comprehension of syntax

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broca’s area - damage

broca’s aphasia (trouble speaking)
halting speech
repetitive speech
disordered grammar/syntax/word structure

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cerebellum - functions

coordination of voluntary movement
motor-learning
balance
reflex
posture
timing
sequence learning

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cerebellum - damage

loss of coordination
tremor
inability to walk
dizziness/vertigo
slurred speech

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corpus callosum - functions

connects the right and left hemispheres to pass information between them

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corpus callosum - damage

coma/vegetable
mutism
memory impairments
split-brain syndrome

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frontal lobe - functions

executive processes: decision making, planning, problem solving, thinking)
cognition
voluntary motor control
intelligence
attention
language processing & comprehension

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frontal lobe - damage

paralysis
loss of spontaneity
mood changes
inability to express language
atypical social skills & personality traits

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hoppocampus - functions

early memory storage
formation of long-term memory
spatial navigation

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hippocampus - damage

severe memory impairment

disorientation

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hypothalamus - funtions

hunger & thirst
body temp
sexual activity & arousal
parenting
perspiration
blood pressure
heart rate
shivering
pupil dilation
circadian rhythms & sleep
**involuntary bodily functions

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hypothalamus - damage

aggression
chronic stress
hypothermia
hypersomnia
lethargy
self-mutilation
weight gain & loss
over & under active sex drive

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limbic system - functions

memory formation & storage
regulating emotion
processing smell
sexual arousal

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limbic system - damage

olfactory impairment
agitation
uncontrolled emotion
abnormal biological rhythms
abnormal sexual behavior
memory impairment

limbic system - parts

amygdala
hippocampus
hypothalamus
thalamus

occipital lobe - function

vision

occipital lobe - damage

hallucinations
blindness
inability to see color/motion/orientation
synesthesia

parietal lobe - functions

``` perception and integration of somatosensory information visuospatial processing spatial attention spatial mapping number representation ```

parietal lobe - damage

inability to recognize & locate objects/event/body parts difficulting discriminating between sensoty information disorientation lack of coordination

parietal lobe - parts

parietal lobe | somatosensory cortex

pons - function

regulate breathing taste autonomic functions

pons - damage

``` impaired breathing deafness paralysis sleep disturbance loss of taste/gustation ```

prefrontal cortex - functions

``` executive processes (voluntary behavior: decision making, planning, problem solving, thinking) attention inhibition intelligence social skills ```

prefrontal cortex - damage

impairments in initiating voluntary behavior inability to inhibit inappropriate social behaviors memory dysfunction

premotor cortex - location

frontal lobe

premotor cortex - functions

planning & executing motor movements imitation empathy

premotor cortex - damage

impairments in self-initiated movements impaired learning in associating a motor response to a visual cue cognitive problems

motor cortex - location

frontal lobe

motor cortex - functions

coordination | initiating motor movement

motor cortex - damage

speech impairments distortion of body image motor-learning deficits

somatosensory cortex - location

parietal lobe

somatosensory cortex - function

sensory processing & integration

somatosensory - damage

``` difficulty perceiving touch failure recognizing objects by touch (astereognasia) difficulty recognizing one's own body phantom limb pain hemispatial neglect ```

temporal lobe - functions

recognition perception (hearing, vision, smell) understanding language learning & memory

temporal lobe - damage

difficulty understanding speech/faces/objects inability to attend to sensory input persistent talking long & short term memory loss increased/decreased interest in sexual behavior aggression

thalamus - functions

``` relaying motor & sensory info memory alertness consciousness contributes to perception and cognition ```

thalamus - damage

``` amnesia apathy coma dementia difficulty speaking inattention/loss of alertness & activation sleepiness impaired processing of sensory info impaired movements & posture pain ```

ventricles - function

cushion and protect the brain

wernicke's area - function

language comprehension

wernicke's area - damage

difficulty understanding language (wernicke's aphasia)

wernicke's area - location

temporal/parietal lobe

broca's area - location

frontal lobe

gyri vs sulci

gyri: folds sulci: indentations purpose: increase the surface area of the brain