5. Corrosion Flashcards
Corrosion
The chemical or electrochemical reaction between a material, usually a metal, and its environment that produces a deterioration of the material and its properties.
Anode
The electrode at which oxidation reactions occur in a corrosive cell, leading to the loss of material.
Cathode
The electrode at which reduction reactions occur in a corrosion cell, where typically no material loss happens.
Electrolyte
A liquid or gel that contains ions and can be decomposed by electrolysis, e.g., saltwater around ships.
Rust
A form of corrosion that occurs with iron-containing materials due to oxidation, typically resulting in red oxides.
Galvanic Corrosion
Corrosion that occurs when two different metals are in electrical contact in a corrosive environment; the more anodic metal corrodes.
Pitting Corrosion
A localized form of corrosion that leads to the creation of small holes or pits in the metal.
Crevice Corrosion
A localized corrosion occurring in confined spaces to which the access of the working fluid from the environment is limited.
Intergranular Corrosion
Corrosion that occurs along the grain boundaries of a metal, often due to impurities or depletion of alloying elements.
Stress Corrosion Cracking (SCC)
The growth of crack formation in a corrosive environment. It can be accelerated by tensile stress in a corrosive environment.
Uniform Corrosion
Also known as general corrosion, it occurs uniformly across the surface of a material.
Erosion Corrosion
Accelerated corrosion caused by the relative movement between a corrosive fluid and a metal surface.
Selective Leaching
Also known as parting, it occurs when one element is removed from a solid alloy through corrosion processes.
Oxidation
The loss of electrons during a reaction by a molecule, atom, or ion.
Reduction
The gain of electrons during a reaction by a molecule, atom, or ion.
