2. Longitudinal, Transverse, and Local Stresses

Question 1

Longitudinal Stress

Answer 1

Stress that occurs along the length of a ship due to its movement in water and wave actions.

Question 2

Transverse Stress

Answer 2

Stress that acts across the width of a ship, affecting its structural integrity side to side.

Question 3

Local Stress

Answer 3

Stress concentrated in a small area of a ship’s structure, often due to specific loading conditions or structural weaknesses.

Question 4

Shear Stress

Answer 4

A type of stress caused by forces acting parallel to the area resisting the force, significant in areas where structural components connect.

Question 5

Bending Moment

Answer 5

The force inducing bending around a point or axis, crucial in understanding how a ship’s hull may flex in rough seas.

Question 6

Torsional Stress

Answer 6

Twisting stress acting on a ship’s structure, particularly affecting the hull when navigating through heavy seas.

Question 7

Compressive Stress

Answer 7

Stress that compresses or shortens the material it acts upon, common in the lower hull sections under weight loads.

Question 8

Tensile Stress

Answer 8

Stress that pulls and potentially elongates the material, such as the hull structure being stretched under wave impacts.

Question 9

Neutral Axis

Answer 9

An imaginary line passing through the centroid of the cross-section of a beam or other member, where the stress and strain are zero.

Question 10

Section Modulus

Answer 10

A geometric property for a given cross-section used in designing beams and structural members to resist bending and shear.

Question 11

Fatigue Stress

Answer 11

Stress that accumulates over time due to repeated loading cycles, leading to potential failure points in ship structures.

Question 12

Buckling

Answer 12

The sudden failure of a structural member subjected to high compressive stress, causing it to bend or collapse.

Question 13

Yield Point

Answer 13

The stress at which a material begins to deform plastically and will not return to its original shape when the stress is removed.

Question 14

Ultimate Strength

Answer 14

The maximum stress a material can withstand while being stretched or pulled before failing.

Question 15

Impact Stress

Answer 15

Stress exerted by a collision or sudden force impact, affecting the structural integrity of the impacted area.

Question 16

Cyclic Loading

Answer 16

Repeated application of load or force, which can lead to fatigue and eventual material failure.

Question 17

Elastic Limit

Answer 17

The maximum stress that a material can withstand without undergoing permanent deformation.

Question 18

Plastic Deformation

Answer 18

Permanent deformation that occurs after a material has exceeded its elastic limit.

Question 19

Strain Hardening

Answer 19

The process by which a metal becomes harder and stronger through plastic deformation.

Question 20

Creep

Answer 20

Slow, permanent deformation of a material under a constant load over time.

Question 21

Stress Concentration

Answer 21

A location in an object where stress is concentrated, often due to abrupt changes in shape or size of the part.

Question 22

Corrosion Fatigue

Answer 22

Degradation of a material due to the combined action of cyclic stress and a corrosive environment.

Question 23

Thermal Stress

Answer 23

Stress induced in a material due to changes in temperature, which can lead to expansion or contraction.

Question 24

Flexural Strength

Answer 24

The ability of a material to resist deformation under load.

Question 25

Load Distribution

Answer 25

How weight or force is spread across a ship’s structure, affecting how stresses are absorbed and managed.

Question 26

Stress Analysis

Answer 26

The process of determining the stresses and strains in materials and structures under external forces.

Question 27

Hydrostatic Pressure

Answer 27

Pressure exerted by a fluid at equilibrium due to the force of gravity.

Question 28

Wave Slamming

Answer 28

Sudden impact load on the hull of a ship due to crashing waves, a significant factor in naval architecture.

Question 29

Dynamic Loading

Answer 29

Loads that change over time, such as those seen in marine environments affecting ships.

Question 30

Structural Integrity

Answer 30

The ability of a structure to withstand intended loads without failure during its anticipated lifespan.