5 EVENTS Flashcards
(17 cards)
The church’s sixth general council
denounced Monotheletism (see below)
and reaffirmed the beliefs of the Council
of Chalcedon.
Third Council of Constantinople(681)
Pepin III, a
Frankish battle-chief, gave part of Italy
(the “papal states”) to the pope. In
return, the pope granted Pepin the
church’s approval and a royal title
Pepin’s Donation(754)
The
church’s seventh and last general
council denounced Adoptionism, the
idea that Jesus was not God’s Son by
nature. The council also allowed
Christians to revere—but not worship—
icons.
Second Council of Nicaea(787)
(1054).
Overseer of the Roman Church
Excommunicated Eastern Christians(1054)
In
1076 Emperor Henry IV claimed the
right to invest bishops with their
authority;
Pope
Gregory
VII
(Hildebrand) forced him to beg
forgiveness for three days. In 1122 a
concordat signed in Worms, Germany,
allowed emperors to be present at
bishops’ ordinations, but church leaders
controlled the selection. The First
Lateran
Council
confirmed
the
Concordat of Worms in 1123.
Investiture Dispute(1076-1123)
Nestorian monks took the gospel into
India, Turkestan, China, Persia, and
Syria. Nearly 100,000 Nestorians remain
in southwest Asia today
Spread of Nestorianism(780-823)
Nearly
20,000 children gathered around a
shepherd-boy
named
Stephen
to
conquer the Holy Land. A merchant
offered them free transportation, but
then sold them into slavery.
Children’s Crusade(1212)
More than 500 bishops tried to unite
Roman
Catholicism
and
Eastern
Orthodoxy under the pope’s authority.
Eastern Christians rejected the union.
Second Council of Lyons(1274)
Marco
Polo’s father met Kublai Khan in 1266.
Christianity so intrigued Kublai that he
asked for 100 monks to teach his people,
the Mongols. Fewer than eight monks
were willing to go. When the trip
became severe, all of them turned back.
When monks finally reached Mongolia
in the late 1200s, it was too late. The
Mongols had already converted to Islam
Kublai Khan’s Request(1266)
Pope
Clement V convened this council to
disband the order of crusader monks
known as the Knights Templar and to
give their property to the king of France.
Council of Vienne(1311-1312)
Pope John XXIII summoned this council
to end the Great Schism and to reform
the Catholic Church. The council elected
a new pope and declared that a church
council “holds its power direct from
Christ; everyone… is bound to obey it.”
This
view
became
known
as
conciliarism
Council of Constance(1414-1418)
This
council
technically
reunited
Catholic and Orthodox Churches.
However, Orthodox laypeople rejected
the reunion. The council also claimed—
against the Council of Constance—that
the pope was superior to church
councils. The council recognized seven
sacraments to guide Christians from
womb to tomb—baptism, communion,
confirmation,
confession,
marriage,
ordination, and last rites.
Council of Florence (1438-1445)
In 1448, Russian
Orthodox Christians protested the
Council of Florence by electing their
own patriarch. After the Muslim
Ottomans conquered Constantinople,
Russians claimed that Moscow was the
center of Orthodoxy.
Moscow Claimed As Center of
Orthodoxy(1500)
Reinterpreted the Council of Pisa’s
conciliar decrees. (If you can’t define
“conciliar” or “conciliarism,” glance
back at Chapter Seven.)
Fifth Lateran Council(1512-1517)
Martin
Luther, a Roman Catholic monk,
protested the sale of indulgences by
publishing 95 topics for debate.
Luther’s 95 Theses (1517)
Several million Ukrainian Orthodox
Christians entered into communion
with the Roman Catholic Church. These
Christians became known as Uniats
Union of Brest-Litovsk (1596)
Scholars from Douay College in
England translated the Vulgate into
English. The New Testament was
published in Rheims, Germany. The
Rheims-Douay was the standard Bible
for English-speaking Roman Catholics
for more than 300 years
Rheims-Douay Bible Completed
(1609)
