9-12 NAMES Flashcards
(29 cards)
“Mystical Doctor” of the Roman Catholic Church.
John I of the Cross (1542-1591)
Jesuit missionary to China. Believed the Confucian Supreme One was also
the threefold God of Christianity.
Matteo Ricci. (1552-1610)
French philosopher. To find a firm basis for thought, he decided to doubt
everything. He concluded that everything could be doubted except his own existence (hence his famous
maxim, “I think, therefore I am”). He reasoned all other truths from that basis.
Rene Descartes (1596-1650)
French scientist and Catholic thinker. Supported Jansenism. Fragments of
his defense of Christian faith were published after his death as Pensees.
Blaise Pascal (1623-1662)
Bohemian educator. For him, the final goal of education was
not simply gaining information, but developing Christian character.
Johannes Amos Comenius (1592-1670)
English Christian poet. Argued for the separation of church and state. Wrote
Paradise Lost.
John Milton (1608-1674)
Latina nun and Catholic theologian. Her bishop disallowed her
studies, but she kept studying until a mystic experience fulfilled her longings.
Sor Juana Ines de la Cruz (1651-1695)
Portuguese priest. Worked to convert and protect Native Americans.
Clashed with Sor Juana over theological issues.
Antonio Vieyra (1608-1697)
Upheld religious liberty in his booklet The Bloody Tenent of Persecution.
Founded Providence, Rhode Island, after being expelled from Massachusetts.
Roger Williams
Founder of Friends Society. Fox removed all human elements, including
baptism and communion, from worship, because he believed God guides Christians through an “inner
light.” The Friends were harshly persecuted for their beliefs. One Friend told a judge he should “quake”
before God’s wrath. So, the Friends also became known as “Quakers.”
George Fox
Leader of the Friends Society. In 1666, wrote Women’s Speaking Justified
by the Scriptures, a defense of women preaching.
Margaret Fell
Wealthy Pietist leader. Sheltered the Moravian Brethren and
founded Herrnhut, a Moravian community.
Nikolaus Zinzendorf
Founder of the Methodist movement. Emphasized the pursuit of holiness
and the achievement of “Christian perfection.”
John Wesley
Methodist circuit-riding preacher. He and Thomas Coke were the first
Methodist superintendents in America.
Francis Asbury.
German thinker. Taught that all ideas (theses), opposing opinions
(antitheses), and debates (dialectics) are part of an upward process of intellectual evolution.
G.W.F. Hegel
Danish thinker. Emphasized subjectively experiencing God’s
revelation. Criticized coupling Christianity with any nation or culture.
Soren Kierkegaard
Leader of the Plymouth Brethren, a Christian sect that stressed piety and
simplicity. Taught a dispensational view of Scripture.
J. Nelson Darby
Liberal philosopher and poet. Taught that “the highest revelation
is that God is in every man.”
Ralph Waldo Emerson
Plymouth Brethren pastor and English social reformer. Founded
orphanages that relied on Christians’ gifts for support.
George Mueller
As a Baptist pastor in a New York slum, Rauschenbusch struggled
to deal with social evils. He became the foremost proponent of the Social Gospel.
Walter Rauschenbusch
American lawyer. Wrote the study notes in the Scofield Reference Bible,
which popularized dispensationalism among conservative Christians
Cyrus I. Scofield
Holiness preacher. Taught that speaking in “unknown tongues” was
the sign of the “second blessing.” One of his students was William Seymour.
Charles Fox Parham
Controversial Catholic theologian and scientist. Taught that all life is
a process that will eventually be drawn into God’s being. For Teilhard, God is both the goal of this
process and the power within the process. Teilhard influenced the beliefs that became known as
“process theology.”
Teilhard de Chardin
Theologian, musician, and missionary doctor. Schweitzer criticized the
“quest for the historical Jesus.” At the same time, he argued that Jesus mistakenly expected the
immediate end of the world.
Albert Schweitzer
