5. Field-based testing in OA

Question 1

When testing OA, which physical parameters (2) should we focus on and why?

Answer 1

Fall prevention and reducing frailty (strength training very important)

Question 2

Performing assessments on OA will help you: (6)

Answer 2

1. Identify and predict mobility problems & disability
2. Determine if program is appropriate
3. Motivate
4. Select exercises
5. Provide feedback
6. Document the benefits of PA program

Question 3

Define physical impairment

Answer 3

Loss or abnormality at the tissue, organ, or body system level

Question 4

Define functional limitation

Answer 4

Restriction in physical behaviors such as rising from a chair, lifting or climbing stairs

Question 5

Define physical disability

Answer 5

Any restriction or lack of ability to perform a task or an activity in the manner considered normal

Question 6

According to the functional fitness framework, give an example of physical impairment — functional limitation — physical disability/dependence

Answer 6

Muscle strength or endurance —- walking/stair climbing —- personal care (shopping/errands)

Question 7

Should we do squats with OA?

Answer 7

Yes, very functional, good for balance and strength

Question 8

What variable has the strongest correlation with stair climbing and ramp up in the quadriceps muscle strength study?

Answer 8

Time to peak torque in knee extension = better time will be faster to climb stairs and ramp up

Question 9

4 common obstacles with assessments

Answer 9

1. Lack of time and space and budget
2. Lack of trained personnel
3. Lack of assessments tools
4. Absence of a requirement by facility management

Question 10

Are most PA centers for OA good at conducting field-based assessments?

Answer 10

Yes for initial assessment but not for follow-up

Question 11

2 major criteria for selection and evaluation of test instruments

Answer 11

1) Practicality
2) Psychometric properties

Question 12

Another word to define practicality of the test

Answer 12

Usability of the test

Question 13

Factors that influence usability/practicality? (5)

Answer 13

1. Medical permission or supervision required and available
2. Time needed to administer and score the test
3. Personnel and expertise needed to administer test
4. Level of fatigue to participant per test
5. Is the test meaningful to your participants?

Question 14

Refers to the degree the test will meet specific and established test construction guidelines

Answer 14

Psychometric properties

Question 15

4 parts of psychometric properties

Answer 15

1. reliability
2. validity
3. discrimination power
4. performance standards

Question 16

Refers to the degree that two test scores are similar when tested under identical conditions

Answer 16

Reliability

Question 17

A reliable test would be free of _____

Answer 17

measurement error

Question 18

What should the test-re-test- reliability score be?

Answer 18

Should be > 0.80

Question 19

What is inter-rater reliability?

Answer 19

When scores obtained from multiple testers are very similar (high correlation)

Question 20

Refers to the test having shown to measure what it is intended to measure

Answer 20

Validity

Question 21

Most important characteristic of any test?

Answer 21

Validity

Question 22

Evaluates a test’s validity by comparing its scores with other scores already found to be valid

Answer 22

Criterion-related validity

Question 23

Validity is acceptable when correlation values are ____

Answer 23

> 0.70

Question 24

What is the goal of the 6-minute chair stand test?

Answer 24

Measure cardiorespiratory endurance

Question 25

Does the 6-minute chair stand test have good or poor validity? explain

Answer 25

Poor validity because it measures more muscular endurance than cardio endurance

Question 26

Ability of a test to predict the future outcome of the test

Answer 26

Predictive validity

Question 27

Example of predictive validity?

Answer 27

Score ≤ 25 on the Fullerton Balance Scale = high risk of falls (out of 40)

Question 28

Ability of the test to detect changes in performance over time

Answer 28

Discrimination power

Question 29

What is the floor effect?

Answer 29

Test is too difficult for specific subjects being tested

Question 30

What is the ceiling effect?

Answer 30

Test is too easy for specific subjects being tested

Question 31

Minimal VO2 to remain functionally independent at age 85? male vs female

Answer 31

Female 15 Male 18

Question 32

What are the two field-based ax tools designed to measure physical impairments and functional limitations in OA?

Answer 32

1. Short physical performance Battery protocol 2. Fullerton Advanced Balance (FAB) scale

Question 33

Name the 3 tests for the SPPB

Answer 33

Balance tests Gait speed test Chair stand test

Question 34

3 types of balance test for the SPPB

Answer 34

Feet side to side Feet big toe to heel Feet tandem

Question 35

Distance for the gait speed test in the SPPB

Answer 35

4 meters walk

Question 36

Average speed for OA to perform a chair stand 1 rep?

Answer 36

2 seconds

Question 37

Average walking speed of young adults

Answer 37

1.0 to 1.2 m/s

Question 38

4 good reasons to use the SPPB

Answer 38

1. Meets psychometric properties 2. Convenient and practical 3. Safe because sub-maximal effort 4. Evaluates physical abilities and function

Question 39

Series of 10 functional tests which assess both ___ and ____ under varied _____

Answer 39

static and dynamic balance under varied sensory conditions

Question 40

Maximum score of FAB scale

Answer 40

40 (4 points per test)

Question 41

FAB test has high: (4)

Answer 41

- predictive reliability - test-re-test - intra & inter-rater reliability - content validity

Question 42

FAB scale is excellent to use with what type of OA? and what do you do for the ones who don't fit in that category?

Answer 42

Excellent test for OA with no major balance issues Lower functioning OA due to chronic diseases and disabilities can use the Berg Balance scale

Question 43

What test should be used for lower functioning OA due to chronic diseases or disabilities?

Answer 43

Better to use easier test such as Berg Balance Scale

Question 44

What is the score for the FAB Scale? cut-off for long form vs short form

Answer 44

≤ 25/40 = high risk ≤ 9/16 = high risk

Question 45

Prior to the test, participants must complete 3 things

Answer 45

- A health and PA questionnaire - Informed consent form - Medical clearance if required

Question 46

Participants must be advised of what 3 things for assessment day?

Answer 46

To avoid heavy exertion and alcohol use 24h before testing To eat a light meal one hour before testing To wear appropriate clothing for exercise

Question 47

Are OA stressed out before their assessment?

Answer 47

Yes because they want to do well - can influence the results

Question 48

What is the threshold score when interpreting test results?

Answer 48

Where the OA becomes at risk for loss of physical independence