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British Empire - 3. Imperialism Challenged 1914-1947 > 5. Indian Nationalism > Flashcards

5. Indian Nationalism Flashcards

1
Q

When did Gandhi express his basic principles?

A

At the Home Rule Bill for India in 1909

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2
Q

What method did Gandhi favour in accordance to his Hindu beliefs?

A

Favoured peaceful resistance to British rule

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3
Q

What did Gandhi preach for between Hindus and Muslims?

A

He preached harmonious relations between Hindus and Muslims

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4
Q

What aspect of British control did Gandhi reject?

A

He rejected industrialisation and urbanisation (western development in India;

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5
Q

What was Gandhi’s fundamental goal?

A

An independent India built on spiritual and social traditions

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6
Q

What did Gandhi campaign for? (One word)

A

Equality

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7
Q

What did Gandhi place the most importance on?

A

The act of campaigning and protesting as he believed it was more important than any overall objective

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8
Q

What type of activist was Gandhi?

A

A non-violent activist

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9
Q

Why was Gandhi’s desire for the religious transformation of India problematic?

A

Because India was religiously diverse

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10
Q

How did Gandhi wish to oppose the British?

A

With “love” and “truth”

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11
Q

3 key figures of Indian nationalism (other than Gandhi)

A

Nehru
Chandra Bose
Jinnah

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12
Q

NIC

A

National India Congress

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13
Q

Who was elected as the NIC president in 1928?

A

Nehru

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14
Q

How did Nehru’s views contrast with Gandhi’s views?

A

Nehru wanted modernisation and industrialisation of India, however Gandhi wanted increased agriculture

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15
Q

What did Nehru become in 1947?

A

India’s first Prime Minister

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16
Q

Who was elected the NIC president in 1938?

A

Chandra Bose

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17
Q

What did Chandra Bose establish in 1943? Where?

A

Established the Indian National Army in Japanese-held Sumatra

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18
Q

What did Chandra Boss aim to do?

A

He aimed to lead forces to free India

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19
Q

How was Chandra Bose stopped from achieving his aims in 1945?

A

He died in a plane crash

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20
Q

Who led the Muslim League from 1913?

A

Jinnah

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21
Q

How did Jinnah’s 1920 views contract with his 1940 views?

A

He wanted Hindu-Muslim co-operation in 1920 but argued for a separate Muslim state in 1940

22
Q

Who was Jinnah appointed as in 1947?

A

Appointed as Pakistan’s first Governor-General

23
Q

Why was Indian nationalism far from a unified force?

A

Because whilst there was a shared goal to get Britain out of India, the nationalists were divided in terms of what an independent India should be and how it will be achieved

24
Q

3 key events of 1919 that contributed to India’s independence

A

Government of India Act
Rowlatt Act
Amritsar Massacre

25
Q

What led to the Government of India Act 1919?

A

Nationalists demands for autonomy after WW1

26
Q

What did the Rowlatt Act give British authorities the power to do?

A

The power to arrest anyone who protested against British rule

27
Q

What commission occurred from 1929-30?

A

The Simon Commission

28
Q

What did the Simon Commission do?

A

It reviewed the India Act and recommended:
-provinces to be given more power
-defence to remain in British hands
-incorporating both provinces under British rule -(essentially decreasing India’s independence)

29
Q

What conference took place in 1931?

A

The Round Table Conference

30
Q

What did Britain reject at the RTC of 1931?

A

They rejected self-governing Dominion status for India

31
Q

Why didn’t Britain want India to be called a Dominion at the RTC of 1931? (2)

A

Prejudice about ability of non-white leaders
Concern for India’s strategic and economic importance to Britain

32
Q

When was the second Government of India Act?

A

1935

33
Q

What did the 2nd GIA 1935 create?

A

The Federation of India

34
Q

Two ways that the Federation of India was created

A

Making provinces completely self-governing
Expanding franchise from 7 million to 35 million people

35
Q

What does franchise mean?

A

The right to vote

36
Q

Who opposed the 2nd GIA and why?

A

The Congress Party because it didn’t give India full independence

37
Q

What did nationalists do in 1939 (outbreak of WW2)?

A

They suspended their protests and supported the British war effort

38
Q

What did Churchill promise the Indians in March 1942?

A

He promised them full dominion status

39
Q

UK Labour government opinion towards India in 1945

A

Believed it was no longer desirable or necessary to keep fighting for India

40
Q

What was decided in April 1947?

A

That India would be partitioned

41
Q

What was given in August 1947?

A

Independence to India and Pakistan

42
Q

What did independence to India and Pakistan bring about?

A

Chaos and violence

43
Q

What was introduced at the 1919 Government of India Act? What did it ensure?

A

A dyarchy was introduced, ensuring that Viceroy maintain control of the main areas of India (E.g. foreign affairs)

44
Q

What were Indians given control of by the 1919 Government of India Act?

A

Provincial councils run by elected Indian ministers

45
Q

Aim of the 1919 Government of India Act

A

To give the Indians a little bit of control, hoping it woukd reduce autonomy desires

46
Q

Power of the provinces following the 1929-30 Simon Commission

A

Provinces given more power

47
Q

Who had overall control of India following the Simon Commission 1929-30?

A

Britain still has overall control as defence and foreign affairs remained under control of Viceroy

48
Q

What were the 1930-31 Round Table Conferences?

A

A series of 3 conferences held in London

49
Q

Conclusion of the 1930-31 Round Table Conference

A

No agreement reached as Britain rejected idea of giving India the dominion status

50
Q

When was the 2nd Government of India Act?

A

1935

51
Q

What did the provinces become following the 1935 Government of India Act?

A

They became completely self-governing

52
Q

Why weren’t the provinces self-governing in practice following the 2nd Government of India Act?

A

Because anyone appointed leader of a province had to be chosen by the Viceroy and they could be suspended at any time

British Empire - 3. Imperialism Challenged 1914-1947 (10 decks)

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