7. Relations with Indigenous People in Africa and the Middle East

Question 1

Reason for countrywide revolution in Egypt by Egyptians and Sudanese in 1919

Answer 1

Countrywide revolution against the British occupation because the British exiled prominent nationalist leaders and opposing party members

Question 2

What happened during the Egyptian revolution of 1919?

Answer 2

Widespread civil disobedience
Rioting
Demonstrations
Strikes involving all classes of society
Attacks of military bases, civilian facilities and personnel, where villages were burnt down and railways destroyed

Question 3

Egyptian casualties of the 1919 Egyptian revolution

Answer 3

800 Egyptians killed
1600 wounded

Question 4

Result of the 1919 Egyptian revolution

Answer 4

The Milner Report - Egypt granted independence in 1922 however British troops still remained in key places like the Suez area

Question 5

When did tensions in Palestine escalate?

Answer 5

In the 1930s as more Jews, fleeing Nazism, entered the country

Question 6

Palestine conflict until Britain’s departure

Answer 6

Arab protest mounted and inter-racial violence increased as the Jews formed the Haganah (underground military group)
More militant Jewish nationalists formed secretly units
By 1945 the conflict between the Arabs and Jews was out of Britain’s control and they departed in 1947

Question 7

Haganah

Answer 7

Jewish underground military group formed during the conflict with the Arabs in Palestine

Question 8

Ireland and the issues of the Home Rule Bill by 1914

Answer 8

Before the war, the British government was already facing the prospect of civil war in Ireland where the divided between Protestants and Catholics was threatening the wreck the bill
Home Rule Bill had to be suspended for the duration of the war due to conflict as both sides armed themselves

Question 9

Sinn Fein

Answer 9

A pro-independence organisation formed in Ireland

Question 10

Attitudes in Ireland towards the delay of the Home Rule

Answer 10

In 1919, the frustrations caused by the delays led members of Sinn Fein to establish an Irish assembly in Dublin
They declared the Irish Republic and their IRA began a guerrilla war against the British

Question 11

Result of the conflict in 1919 following the delay of Home Rule in Ireland

Answer 11

1921 Anglo-Irish Treaty - created the Irish Free State as a self-governing Dominion within the British Empire

Question 12

7 reasons why it was difficult for African nationalism to develop prior to WW2

Answer 12

Tribal politics (internal problems)
Less educated population
Less urban populations / poorer communities
Less political representation
Widespread collaboration of chiefs and local rulers
British policies undermined nationalism, making populations believe the British might improve things
Limited economic development

Question 13

Why was the National Congress for West Africa created?

Answer 13

Started by a group of political activists in 1919 to promoted political representation of Africans which had been limited

Question 14

Why was the National Congress for West Africa frustrated in 1920?

Answer 14

Congress demands for greater representation were initially ignored
Some concessions were granted but the nationalists were outnumbered by appointed African chiefs

Question 15

Why did support for African nationalism grow in the 1930s?

Answer 15

Spread of education

Question 16

What was WASU?

Answer 16

West African Student’s Union formed in 1925
Helped bring together students from various West African countries studying in London
Campaigned against racism in British and for independence in West Africa

Question 17

Influence of WASA

Answer 17

Inspired greater radicalism among its members and acted as a training ground for future West African politicians

Question 18

Examples of members of WASA

Answer 18

Azikiwe
Nkrumah

Question 19

Why did WW2 accelerate nationalism in West Africa?

Answer 19

Brought faster economic developments in West African colonies because Britain relied on its raw materials for the war effort as Britain no longer had access to its Asian colonies

Question 20

Organisation founded in 1921 that tried to push for more representation and oppose white rule over East Africa

Answer 20

East African Association

Question 21

Impact of WW2 on Kenyan nationalism

Answer 21

More reliance on trade with Kenya during war, led to urbanisation and opportunity to oppose British rule

Question 22

Why is it difficult to define a cultural identity?

Answer 22

Subjective term

Question 23

Aims of British colonisers

Answer 23

They were supposedly on a civilising mission to try to improve and develop the areas of the empire for their benefit and the benefit of the indigenous people

Question 24

What did British colonisers force upon the indigenous people?

Answer 24

British ideals - religion, cultural and social factors
British economic demands

Question 25

In what ways were colonised peoples not always the passive victims?

Answer 25

Some people collaborated with British rule in the hope of benefitting from new opportunities
People in areas that had enjoyed economic growth and prosperity tended to see the British positively

Question 26

How did British rule actually create nationalist consciousness?

Answer 26

It was British coloniser’s keenness to extend Western education and develop economics which helped to create the nationalist consciousness
Some British actions increased nationalism (E.g. Amritsar Massacre)

Question 27

5 ways the colonies were loyal to Britain

Answer 27

Huge sense of loyalty and pride among those who were part of the empire
Strong attachment to British institutions and the crown
Coronation of George VI in 1937 widely celebrated across empire
Empire Day
Millions of people listened to / watching the King’s Christmas message

Question 28

Ways in which British subjects were loyal and committed to the British Empire

Answer 28

Widespread support during the 2 world wars
Lots of empire’s economies were tied closely to Britain’s meaning that they needed to be committed to it
Important culturally to place in the empire

Question 29

Ways in which British subjects were opposed to the British Empire?

Answer 29

Political pressure for reform and political separation
Violent/active resistance from nationalist groups
Ireland refused to defend the British Empire during WW2